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WORK TITLE: Great Crossings
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https://history.indiana.edu/faculty_staff/faculty/snyder_christina.html
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LC control no.: n 2009059451
LCCN Permalink: https://lccn.loc.gov/n2009059451
HEADING: Snyder, Christina
000 00417cz a2200121n 450
001 8024714
005 20170815153959.0
008 090917n| acannaabn |n aaa
010 __ |a n 2009059451
040 __ |a DLC |b eng |c DLC |e rda |d DLC
100 1_ |a Snyder, Christina
670 __ |a Slavery in Indian country, c2010: |b ECIP t.p. (Christina Snyder)
670 __ |a American horizons, c2018: |b title page (Christina Snyder, Indiana University, Bloomington)
PERSONAL
Female.
EDUCATION:University of Georgia, A.B., 2001; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, M.A., 2004, Ph.D., 2007.
ADDRESS
CAREER
Indiana University Bloomington, began as assistant professor, became Thomas and Kathryn Miller Associate Professor of History; University of California, Davis, visiting fellow at Davis Humanities Institute, 2011-12; Pennsylvania State University, University Park, McCabe Greer Professor of History. Organization of American Historians, member of Distinguished Lectureship Program.
AWARDS:Barra/Mellon postdoctoral fellow, McNeil Center for Early American Studies, 2007-08; James H. Broussard Prize, Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, 2010, Book Prize, Berkshire Conference of Women Historians, 2010, and John C. Ewers Prize, Western History Association, 2012, all for Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America; American Council of Learned Societies fellowship, 2011-12; Kate B. and Hall J. Peterson fellowship, American Antiquarian Society, 2013; also received American Philosophical Society.
WRITINGS
Contributor to books, including The World of the Revolutionary American Republic, edited by Andrew Shankman, Routledge (New York, NY), 2014; The Native South: New Histories and Enduring Legacies, University of Nebraska Press (Lincoln, NE), 2017; and Marked, Unmarked, Remembered: A Geography of American Memory, edited by Alex Lichtenstein, West Virginia University Press (Morgantown, WV), 2017. Contributor of more than twenty-five articles and reviews to academic journals.
SIDELIGHTS
Christina Snyder earned a degree in anthropology at the University of Georgia before pursuing a doctorate in history at the University of North Carolina. After teaching at Indiana University in Bloomington as an affiliate of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, she became the McCabe Greer Professor of History at Pennsylvania State University. She developed a specialty in precolonial and colonial American history, with a focus on Native American studies and the history of slavery among indigenous populations.
Slavery in Indian Country
In Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America, Snyder offers a perspective on both slavery and Native American history that is not often emphasized in traditional historical accounts. Human bondage was not introduced to the Americas by European colonists in the 1600s, or even by Christopher Columbus when he collected Native specimens as booty for his royal patrons back in Spain. For many centuries, Native groups habitually enslaved prisoners of intertribal warfare to be used as forced labor, or as commodities to be traded among themselves, or sometimes even as kinfolk by adoption. In the early colonial period, captives were used as bargaining chips, their value likely to be determined by age or gender as tokens of usefulness.
The burgeoning importation of Caribbean and African captives changed the dynamic, especially in the agricultural South. Some Native groups welcomed Africans, especially escaped slaves, as members of the community; others adopted European concepts of slave labor and exploited black captives for profit. By the late 1700s, according to Snyder, non-Native populations were more likely to be lumped together as unwelcome intruders in Indian country, regardless of race. Her study extends into the early 1800s, but ends before the social and political upheavals that erupted into the Civil War. According to her faculty profile at the Pennsylvania State University Website, Snyder continued her study in an ongoing project that she called “Slavery after the Civil War: The Slow Death and Many Afterlives of Bondage.”
John R. Burch noted in his Library Journal review of Slavery in Indian Country that Snyder “focuses on the evolution of slavery from the perspective of individual Native American groups.” She writes of Antonia Bonnelli, a white teenager from a Spanish settlement in Florida, and David George, a runaway slave from Virginia. Burch pointed out that “slavery ultimately profoundly affected how Native peoples interacted with one another, Africans, and EuroAmericans in the Southeast.” By revealing the often neglected role of Native Americans as slaveholders and slave traders, reported a Publishers Weekly contributor, Snyder has produced an “instructive and remarkably readable book.”
Great Crossings
In her first book, Snyder informed readers that race was not a predominant factor in the slavery business until the early 1800s, when African slaves increased in proportional value. These were also the years when white sentiment against Native American people took an ominous turn. A rare exception to the trending “racialization” of the agricultural Southeast took shape in Kentucky in 1825. That is the subject of Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson.
As early as President George Washington’s administration, Snyder explains, Indian people were encouraged to adopt European concepts of land ownership, embrace Christianity, and assimilate white European culture. By the turn of the century, however, expansion of the plantation system and the availability of captive labor created huge demands for land. Especially attractive were the fertile public lands east of the Mississippi River, lands that indigenous populations had for eons regarded as their own to roam and use as they saw fit. Hostilities between white settlers and Native tribes increased in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, predominantly under the leadership of General (later President) Andrew Jackson. The conflicts culminated in the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the subsequent Trail of Tears, which displaced all but small pockets of holdouts to relocate west of the Mississippi.
In 1825, near the great buffalo crossing in Scott County, Kentucky, the U.S. War Department collaborated with the Choctaw Nation to create the Choctaw Academy, which would become the first federal Indian school in the young republic. Founder Richard Mentor Johnson, a former Indian fighter of the Andrew Jackson ilk, and Julia Chinn, his African-American slave and domestic partner, wanted a safe place to raise and educate their biracial children. The federal government wanted a type of leadership academy for young Native American men who could lead others westward toward a peaceful “promised land.” Johnson envisioned “a community established on mutual respect between races and peoples,” Burn explained in his Library Journal review of the book. Unfortunately the militant policies of the federal administration interrupted the experiment. Changing times and declining enrollment forced the Academy to close its doors in 1848.
Burch recommended Great Crossings as a study of Native American history in the Jackson’s America. A Publishers Weekly contributor wrote: “The sections on Johnson and Chinn’s family life are particularly intriguing.” The reviewer concluded that the volume “opens the door on a fascinating, yet largely unknown episode in American history.”
BIOCRIT
PERIODICALS
Library Journal, March 1, 2010, John R. Burch, review of Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America, p. 92; December 1, 2016, John R. Burch, review of Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson, p. 106.
Publishers Weekly, February 8, 2010, review of Slavery in Indian Country, p. 39; December 5, 2016, review of Great Crossings, p. 59.
ONLINE
Indiana University Website, https://gbl.indiana.edu/ (October 17, 2017), author profile.
Organization of American Historians Website, http://www.oah.org/ (October 17, 2017), author profile.
Pennsylvania State University Website, http://history.psu.edu/ (October 17, 2017), author profile.
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You are here: Home › Directory › Christina Snyder
Christina Snyder
Christina Snyder
McCabe Greer Professor of History
210 Weaver Building
University Park , PA 16802
Email: czs398@psu.edu
Office Phone: (814) 863-0181
Education:
PhD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007
MA, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2004
AB, University of Georgia, 2001
Biography:
Christina Snyder is a historian of colonialism, race, and slavery, with a focus on North America from the pre-contact era through the nineteenth century.
Snyder’s first book, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America, was published by Harvard University Press in 2010 and earned a wide range of accolades, including the Berkshire Conference of Women Historians Book Prize, the James H. Broussard Prize from the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, and the John C. Ewers Prize from the Western History Association. Snyder’s latest book, Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson was released by Oxford University Press in early 2017. Her current projects include: a textbook, American Horizons: US History in a Global Context, co-authored with Michael Schaller, Janette Thomas Greenwood, Andrew Kirk, Sarah J. Purcell, and Aaron Sheehan-Dean; a co-authored book with Zara Anishanslin on American history through material culture; and a solo project tentatively titled <
Snyder is also the author of more than twenty-five articles and review essays, and her research has been supported by the American Council of Learned Societies, the American Antiquarian Society, the American Philosophical Society, and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Snyder’s work has been featured on PBS, NPR and Slate .
Recent Publications:
Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017).
“Andrew Jackson’s Indian Son: Native Captives and American Empire,” in The Native South: New Histories and Enduring Legacies (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2017), 84-106.
“Maroon Fort,” in Marked, Unmarked, Remembered: A Geography of American Memory, featuring photographs by Andrew Lichtenstein and edited by Alex Lichtenstein (Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2017).
"The South," in in Oxford Handbook of American Indian History, ed. Frederick Hoxie (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016), 315-334.
"Native Nations in the Age of Revolution," in The World of the Revolutionary American Republic, ed. Andrew Shankman (New York: Routledge, 2014), 77-94.
"Indian Slavery," in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History, ed. John Butler (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014).
"The Long History of American Slavery," in the OAH Magazine of History 27(October 2013): 23-27.
Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010).
Awards and Service:
OAH Distinguished Lecturer, Organization of American Historians, 2015-2018
Kate B. & Hall J. Peterson Fellowship, American Antiquarian Society, 2013
American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) Fellowship, 2011-2012
Visiting Fellow, University of California at Davis Humanities Institute, 2011-2012
John C. Ewers Prize, Western History Association, 2012
Finalist, Frederick Douglass Prize, The Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition, Yale University, 2011
Honorable Mention, Frederick Jackson Turner Award, Organization of American Historians, 2011
Berkshire Conference of Women Historians Book Prize, 2010
James H. Broussard Prize, Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, 2010
Barra/Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow, McNeil Center for Early American Studies, 2007-09
Research Interests:
Nineteenth-Century American History; Early American History; History of Slavery; Indigenous History
Research Interests:
Nineteenth-Century US:
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Home > The OAH Distinguished Lectureship Program > Participating Speakers > Christina Snyder
Christina Snyder
Christina SnyderChristina Snyder is the Thomas and Kathryn Miller Associate Professor of History at Indiana University. Her research and teaching focus on native North America, early America, and the history of slavery. Snyder's first book, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America (2010), earned a wide range of accolades, including the Berkshire Conference of Women Historians Book Prize, the James H. Broussard Prize from the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, and the John C. Ewers Prize from the Western History Association. Her most recent book, Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson (2017), centers on the antebellum community that developed around the first federally controlled Indian boarding school, exploring how a diverse group of Americans responded to early U.S. imperialism.
Image credit: Jacob Lee
Click here for more information about Christina Snyder.
Lectures
The New History of American Slaveries
Native American Slavery in Global Context
Indian Removal and the Geography of Unfreedom
Andrew Jackson's Indian Son: Native Captives and American Empire
The Rise and Fall and Rise of Civilizations: Indian Intellectual Culture at an Antebellum School
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The New History of American Slaveries
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Christina Snyder
Faculty Curator of the Department of History, American Studies
No photo available.
Email:
snyderch@indiana.edu
Department:
Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology
Campus:
IU Bloomington
Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology
423 N. Fess Ave.
Bloomington, IN 47408
Christina Snyder is an associate professor of History and American studies. She earned an A.B. in anthropology from the University of Georgia, and a Ph.D. in history from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The recipient of the Barra Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania’s McNeil Center for Early American Studies, Snyder spent two years in Philadelphia before accepting her current position. At Indiana University, Snyder offers courses in Native American and Indigenous studies and American history, and her excellence in teaching has been recognized with a Trustees’ Teaching Award and an appearance on C-SPAN’s Lectures in History.
Snyder’s first book, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America, was published by Harvard University Press in 2010 and earned a wide range of accolades, including the Berkshire Conference of Women Historians Book Prize, the James H. Broussard Prize from the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, and the John C. Ewers Prize from the Western History Association. She is the author of more than twenty-five articles and reviews, and her research has been supported by the American Council of Learned Societies, the American Antiquarian Society, the American Philosophical Society, and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. She is completing another book on Choctaw Academy, the first national Indian boarding school in the United States, to explore how the U.S. used a tandem approach—violence and the more subtle power of acculturation—to exert economic, political, and cultural influence far beyond even its extensive territory, and the complex and sometimes surprising ways that colonized people responded. As a Faculty Curator at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Snyder is working with the Ohio Valley-Great Lakes Ethnohistory Archive as well as the lab’s vast collections to begin work on a third project, Ancient America, which combines history, archaeology, and oral tradition to offer a more seamless narrative of the North American past and dissolve the Eurocentric divide between “prehistory” and “history.”
Welcome to my Playing by the Rules series set in London. This series focuses on a family of close-knit female cousins who find love where they'd least expect it. In Book One--Playing by the Rules--Meredith Jane discovers that the man of her dreams is her ex's elder brother--Hunter Westbrook. In a society where perception is everything, is finding the love of her life worth risking possible scandal?
This story is as a prequel to Playing with Desire--the first book in my Pleasure Cove series set in fictional North Carolina beach town Pleasure Cove five years later.
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Print Marked Items
Snyder, Christina. Slavery in Indian Country:
The Changing Face of Captivity in Early
America
John Burch
Library Journal.
135.4 (Mar. 1, 2010): p92.
COPYRIGHT 2010 Library Journals, LLC. A wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution
permitted.
http://www.libraryjournal.com/
Full Text:
Snyder, Christina. Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America. Harvard Univ. Apr.
2010. c.344p. illus, maps. index. ISBN 978-0-674-04890-4. $29.95. HIST
Native American slavery was brought to the scholarly forefront with Allan Gallay's The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise
of the English Empire in the American South, 1670-1717. Now Snyder (American studies & history, Indiana Univ.)
examines captivity in the same region from pre-Columbian times to the 1840s but <
Europeans, played an important role in Native societies, as some captives became kinfolk while others became slaves.
The Europeans introduced slavery for profit and racialized slavery in the region, which had different consequences for
different Native groups. The scale of slavery grew exponentially, with some Native groups actively victimizing others
to obtain slaves for trade with Europeans. The introduction of African slaves further confounded the situation, as some
Native groups sought to absorb African peoples into their communities while others adopted European-style African
slavery. <
want to have read Indian Slavery in Colonial America, edited by Alan Gallay, and Eric Bowne's The Westo Indians:
Slave Traders of the Early Colonial South.--John Burch, Campbellsville Univ. Lib., KY
Burch, John
Source Citation (MLA 8th
Edition)
Burch, John. "Snyder, Christina. Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America."
Library Journal, 1 Mar. 2010, p. 92+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?
p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA221432859&it=r&asid=ac9fada205f9942439426af667eb049d.
Accessed 3 Oct. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A221432859
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Snyder, Christina. Great Crossings: Indians,
Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson
John R. Burch
Library Journal.
141.20 (Dec. 1, 2016): p106.
COPYRIGHT 2016 Library Journals, LLC. A wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution
permitted.
http://www.libraryjournal.com/
Full Text:
Snyder, Christina. Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson. Oxford Univ. Mar. 2017.408p.
illus. notes, index. ISBN 9780199399062. $29.95. HIST
Great Crossings, KY, was the home of the Choctaw Academy from 1825 to 1848. Although governed by the U.S. War
Department, the institution was a collaboration between the federal government and the Choctaw Nation to educate
future Native leaders in hopes that they would lead the "civilizing" of their peoples. Richard Mentor Johnson, academy
founder and eventual vice president to Martin Van Buren, endeavored to build <>. Snyder (history, Indiana Univ.; Slavery in Indian Country) explains why Johnson's
vision failed to materialize. President Andrew Jackson imposed a racially intolerant and violent regime, and likeminded
followers who displaced Native Americans from most of the continent and utilized slavery to grow
economically. Their methodology allowed the United States to span the continent by the end of the 19th century.
VERDICT This monograph is highly recommended for readers interested in Jacksonian America or Native American
studies. It should be read alongside John Demos's The Heathen School: The Story of Hope and Betrayal in the Age of
the Early Republic.--John R. Burch, Campbellsville Univ. Lib., KY
Source Citation (MLA 8th
Edition)
Burch, John R. "Snyder, Christina. Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson." Library
Journal, 1 Dec. 2016, p. 106. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?
p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA472371253&it=r&asid=692c1206e45a20ba6db00e119c007f07.
Accessed 3 Oct. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A472371253
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Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in
the Age of Jackson
Publishers Weekly.
263.50 (Dec. 5, 2016): p59.
COPYRIGHT 2016 PWxyz, LLC
http://www.publishersweekly.com/
Full Text:
* Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson
Christina Snyder. Oxford Univ., $29.95 (408p) ISBN 978-0-19-939906-2
Snyder (Slavery in Indian Country), associate professor of history at Indiana University, <
experimental interracial community in central Kentucky called Great Crossings, home to Choctaw Academy. The
school, opened in the 1820s and shuttered in 1848, was molded by Richard Mentor Johnson, a former Indian fighter,
prominent Kentucky politician, and vice president under Martin van Buren. Johnson and his enslaved AfricanAmerican
concubine, Julia Chinn, envisioned an "empire of liberty" that would link westward expansion with
emancipation by sending freed slaves west to settle land there. Political motives blended with personal and religious
ones. Chinn had been affected by the Second Great Awakening's emphasis on progress, and both she and Johnson
wanted a nurturing place to raise and educate their two daughters. <
attracting young Native American men determined to receive an academically rigorous education. There they
interacted with white instructors and community leaders as well as enslaved African-Americans, resulting in both
trouble and romance. This is a well-researched, engagingly written, and remarkable work of scholarship. Illus. (Mar.)
Source Citation (MLA 8th
Edition)
"Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson." Publishers Weekly, 5 Dec. 2016, p. 59+.
General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?
p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA475224889&it=r&asid=e68d02c3fe189d441d9f9e8059f71bfc.
Accessed 3 Oct. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A475224889
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Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of
Captivity in Early America
Publishers Weekly.
257.6 (Feb. 8, 2010): p39.
COPYRIGHT 2010 PWxyz, LLC
http://www.publishersweekly.com/
Full Text:
* Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America
Christina Snyder. Harvard Univ., $29.95 (344p) ISBN 978-0-674-04890-4
"The American South, a familiar setting for bondage, reveals a new story," in the hands of Indiana University assistant
professor of history Snyder, who explores the Indian practice of enslaving prisoners of war in this<< instructive and
remarkably readable book>>. "The South is more than the Confederacy," she asserts; the major Native American nations
(Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole) were not merely "villains or victims or foils, but leading
players" in slaveholding. She reaches back to early Indian captivity practices--and how conceptions of captives and
their roles in Indian communities changed with the arrival of Europeans and Africans. During the colonial period,
captives were chosen on the basis of gender and age, not race, but as a nativist movement Ca collective identity as red
people") emerged in the late-18th century, Americans, black and white, became the "common enemy." By the early
19th century--when, among other factors, black slaves became more highly valued--Africans were specifically targeted.
Snyder breaks new ground in this study reveals pre-colonial Southern history and restores visibility to Native
American history in the region. (Apr.)
Source Citation (MLA 8th
Edition)
"Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America." Publishers Weekly, 8 Feb. 2010, p.
39+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?
p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA219307371&it=r&asid=8702f50fa1ffd9d8ec2bf6af4a53c0a7.
Accessed 3 Oct. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A219307371