Project and content management for Contemporary Authors volumes
WORK TITLE: Framed
WORK NOTES:
PSEUDONYM(S):
BIRTHDATE:
WEBSITE:
CITY: Toronto
STATE: ON
COUNTRY: Canada
NATIONALITY:
http://www.fondationtrudeau.ca/en/community/erin-tolley * http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/political-science/assistant-professor-and-associate-chair-erin-tolley * https://www.linkedin.com/in/erin-tolley-0a47342b/
RESEARCHER NOTES:
LC control no.:
no2011155910
LCCN Permalink:
https://lccn.loc.gov/no2011155910
HEADING:
Tolley, Erin
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__ |a Immigrant settlement policy in Canadian municipalities, 2011: |b t.p. (Erin Tolley) Can. CIP (Tolley, Erin)
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__ |a Framed, 2016: |b title page (Erin Tolley) back cover (Erin Tolley is an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto, where she teaches Canadian politics)
PERSONAL
Born in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada.
EDUCATION:Queen’s University, Ph.D.
ADDRESS
CAREER
Book editor and teacher. Policy researcher at the Library of Parliament, Canadian Heritage, Communication Canada, and Citizenship and Immigration Canada; University of Toronto, assistant professor in the Department of Political Science.
AWARDS:Trudeau Foundation Scholar.
WRITINGS
Contributor of articles to periodicals, including Journal of Political Science, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, and Migration Policy Research.
SIDELIGHTS
A native of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Erin Tolley is assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto, where she teaches courses on Canadian politics, immigration, and multiculturalism. She has edited or written numerous books about Canadian politics, immigration, settlement policy, and media coverage of race. She earned a doctorate at Queen’s University on the relationship between the media and politics in Canada.
Electing a Diverse Canada
In 2008, Tolley coedited Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation of Immigrants, Minorities, and Women with Myer Siemiatycki, Caroline Andrew, and John Biles. The book collects essays on the electoral representation of immigrants, minorities, and women in Canada. In light of America’s election of Barack Obama as president, the book’s contributors ask if Canada’s politicians reflect the country’s diversity and commitment to a multicultural society. Unfortunately, research of eleven major Canadian cities in multiple levels of government and Parliament reveals that federal, provincial, and municipal elected representatives are disproportionately white, male, middle-aged, well-educated, and of European ancestry.
Authors discuss challenges due to the under-representation of women, minorities, and First Nations peoples and how that affects Canadian democracy. Writing in Canadian Journal of Urban Research, Robert MacDermid noted that the book adds to the significant body of research on the topic and “the conclusion must be that our elected representatives have never reflected or represented our diversity and any progress has been shamefully slow.”
Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities
With coediter Robert Young, Tolley published the 2011 Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities. Although Canada ranks highly in the world for the social inclusion of immigrants, some have questioned the success of current settlement policy. Drawing on interviews with government officials and front-line workers, contributors to this anthology present a comparative assessment of approaches to immigrant settlement in nineteen Canadian municipalities. Essays discuss the impact and effectiveness of governments, municipalities, ethnic and cultural groups, and support organizations in facilitating integration into Canadian society. Five case study chapters cover federal policies, and policies in Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and British Columbia.
Each writer offers recommendations for addressing the challenges related to intergovernmental cooperation, settlement service delivery, and immigrant outcomes. British Journal of Canadian Studies reviewer Geoffrey Mercer commented: “This volume raises important questions about the conventional wisdom that municipalities are creatures of the provinces. The case studies also inform other debates about the character of local democracy in Canada.” Writing in Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal, Nelson Wiseman praised Young’s concluding chapter saying, “Among his observations and considerations, Young assesses the efficacy of the various policies referred to in the book and makes some of his own policy proposals, such as expanding the Provincial Nominee Program.”
Framed
In 2016, Tolley published Framed: Media and the Coverage of Race in Canadian Politics. In the book, she examines the links between racialized news coverage and politics in Canada using empirical analysis of print media along with in-depth interviews of elected officials, former candidates, political staffers, and journalists. Tolley argues that news stories are rife with assumptions about race and diversity, and narrative frames that influence media coverage and do not reflect Canada’s purported commitment to inclusive democracy.
Tolley found that the media give visible minorities less prominent and more negative media coverage than their white counterparts. For example, the press frequently portray minority politicians as products of their socio-demographic backgrounds and uninterested in pressing policy issues thereby making them seem less electorally viable. Priya Ramanujam noted in Canadian Journalism Project: “But most importantly, Tolley says, people—not just the media, but all Canadians—need to be open to the idea of talking about race, a subject she found during her research many are still uncomfortable with.”
BIOCRIT
PERIODICALS
British Journal of Canadian Studies, Fall 2013, Geoffrey Mercer, review of Immigration Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities, p. 287.
Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal, fall, 2009, Nelson Wiseman, review of Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities, p. 261.
Canadian Journal of Urban Research, Summer 2010, Robert MacDermid, review of Electing a Diverse Canada, p. S138.
Choice, June, 2016, C.L. Lalonde, review of Framed.
ONLINE
Canadian Journalism Project, http://www.j-source.ca/ (July 21, 2015), Priya Ramanujam, review of Framed.*
ERIN TOLLEY
SCHOLARS
FELLOWS
MENTORS
DIRECTORS
MEMBERS
TEAM
ALL
Scholars 2010
Mentor(s):
Daniel Lessard
Study program:
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto
Erin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Polical Science at the University of Toronto. She completed her doctorate at Queen's University on the relationship between the media and politics in Canada.
BIOGRAPHY
NEWS
EVENTS
PUBLICATIONS
Erin Tolley is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Toronto, where she teaches courses on Canadian politics and immigration and multiculturalism. Her doctoral research was funded by the Trudeau Foundation and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and examined how race affects the media’s reporting on candidates in Canadian politics. Erin’s current research focuses on issues related to electoral politics, immigration and diversity.
A native of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Erin worked as a policy researcher prior to pursing doctoral studies. This included positions at the Library of Parliament, Canadian Heritage, Communication Canada, and Citizenship and Immigration Canada. She is the co-editor of Electing a Diverse Canada (UBC Press, 2008), Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2011), Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities Across Canada (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2011) and Diverse Nations, Diverse Responses: Approaches to Social Cohesion in Immigrant Societies (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2012). Her article, “Do Women ‘Do Better’ in Municipal Politics” was short-listed for the 2012 John McMenemy Prize, which recognizes the top contributions to the Canadian Journal of Political Science. Her research has also appeared in Canadian Issues, Canadian Diversity, and Our Diverse Cities.
Experience as a Trudeau Scholar
I can sum up my experience as a Trudeau Scholar in one word: opportunity. Being selected as a Scholar provided me with the opportunity to pursue my research almost without constraint or bounds, to meet and learn from a rich community of academics, practitioners and public figures, to turn my eye not just to research production but also engagement and dissemination, and to collaborate with other Scholars on two immensely satisfying public interaction events which took us to Vancouver, Iqaluit, Montreal and Halifax. While other funding programs provide necessary financial resources, the Trudeau Foundation not only furnishes this economic capital but also human and social capital. All three are crucial to a successful and enriching doctoral experience. I have benefited enormously from the support of the Trudeau Community and my Mentor, in particular. These relationships not only provided moments of fun and levity but broadened my perspective on my research and encouraged me to look beyond the drudgery of data and analysis and into the real social and political implications of my work. These lessons will stay with me well beyond the completion of my degree.
Assistant Professor and Associate Chair Erin Tolley
Image of Assistant Professor Erin Tolley
Degrees: Ph.D., Queen’s University, M.A., University of Western Ontario, B.A. (High Honours), University of Saskatchewan
Phone: 905-828-5440
Email: erin.tolley@utoronto.ca
Office: DV 3295
Office Hours: Monday 1:30-2:45pm
Erin Tolley is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto. Her research examines the impact of socio-demographic diversity on Canadian politics and political institutions. She is the author of Framed: Media and the Coverage of Race in Canadian Politics (UBC Press, 2016). Her current projects include an analysis of candidate recruitment and selection by Canada’s political parties, an experimental study of the impact of race and gender on vote choice, and an examination of media coverage of immigrants and refugees. Her work has appeared in the Canadian Journal of Political Science, the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, and Migration Policy Research; she is the author or co-author of 12 peer-reviewed book chapters, and the co-editor of five books. Dr. Tolley earned her PhD from Queen’s University where she was a Trudeau Foundation Scholar and SSHRC Canada Graduate Scholar. Prior to joining UofT, she was a researcher and policy analyst in the Department of Citizenship and Immigration.
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Erin Tolley
Assistant Professor of Political Science | University of Toronto
Toronto , ON, CA
Expert on race, gender and diversity in Canadian politics
CONTACT SHARE PDF VERSION CV
Expertise
Media / Médias
Social / Domaine social
Biography / Biographie
Areas of Expertise / Domaines d’expertise
Education / Éducation
Speaking
Media Presence / Présence dans les médias
Research
Research Grants / Subventions de recherche
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Heidi Tworek Faye Matt Janni Aragon Carolyn Harris Deborah Kurrasch Sarah Wolfe Katherine Kortes-Miller Tanya Kaefer Kerri Froc Tanya Woods
MEDIA / MÉDIAS Erin Tolley Publication Erin Tolley Publication
SOCIAL / DOMAINE SOCIAL
““In this Era of Fake News and Alternate Facts — Experts are King” by @techmarketer https://t.co/SKyIq1v734”
February 6th, 9:56 pm
BIOGRAPHY / BIOGRAPHIE
Erin Tolley is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto. Her research examines the impact of socio-demographic diversity on Canadian politics, and she has looked extensively at race and gender in politics. She provides media commentary...
Read more
AREAS OF EXPERTISE / DOMAINES D’EXPERTISE (4)
Canadian Politics Women in Politics Immigration and multiculturalism Diversity
EDUCATION / ÉDUCATION (1)
Queen's University: PhD, Political Science
MEDIA PRESENCE / PRÉSENCE DANS LES MÉDIAS (1)
"Attack ads"
Monocle Radio radio
2015-09-26
Analysis segment with Steven Bloomfield and John Doyle
view more
RESEARCH GRANTS / SUBVENTIONS DE RECHERCHE (1)
"When Politicians Attack"
Social Science and Humanities Research Council
with Randy Besco
Department of Political Science 3295 William G. Davis Building University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road North Mississauga ON L5L 1C6
Department of Political Science Sidney Smith Hall, Room 3018 University of Toronto
100 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3G3
ERIN TOLLEY
erin.tolley@utoronto.ca
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS
Assistant Professor (tenure-track)
Department of Political Science, University of Toronto-Mississauga July 2013 – present
(Parental leave August 2014 – June 2015) EDUCATION
PhD, Political Studies, Queen’s University, 2013
Dissertation: How Race Affects the Media’s Coverage of Candidates in Canadian Politics Fields: Canadian Politics (with Distinction) and Gender & Politics (with Distinction) Supervisors: Keith Banting and Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant
MA, Political Science, University of Western Ontario, 2001
BA (High Honours), Political Studies, University of Saskatchewan, 1999
Most distinguished graduate in Political Studies
REFEREED PUBLICATIONS Book
Erin Tolley. 2016. Framed: Media and the Coverage of Race in Canadian Politics. Vancouver: UBC Press. (Solo author)
Articles
Erin Tolley. 2015. Racial mediation in the coverage of candidates’ political viability: A comparison of approaches. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 41(6): 963-984. (Solo author)
Paul Spoonley and Erin Tolley. 2012. Managing diversity: The issues of immigrant settlement and social cohesion. Migration Policy Research 4: 159-173. (Full co-author)
Erin Tolley. 2011. Do Women ‘Do Better’ in Municipal Politics? Electoral Representation Across Three Levels of Government. Canadian Journal of Political Science 44(3): 573-594. (Solo author). Short-listed for the John McMenemy Prize for the best article published in the 2011 volume of the Journal.
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Books Edited
Paul Spoonley and Erin Tolley, eds. 2012. Diverse Nations, Diverse Responses: Approaches to Social Cohesion in Immigrant Societies. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. 352 pages. (Full co-editor).
Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Meyer Burstein, Victoria Esses and Erin Tolley, eds. 2012. Immigration, Integration and Inclusion in Ontario Cities. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. 342 pages. (Full co-editor).
John Biles, Meyer Burstein, James Frideres, Robert Vineberg and Erin Tolley, eds. 2011. Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities Across Canada. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. 423 pages. (Full co-editor).
Erin Tolley and Robert Young, eds. 2011. Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. 331 pages. (First editor).
Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin Tolley, eds. 2008. Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation of Immigrants, Minorities and Women. Vancouver: UBC Press. 278 pages. (Full co-editor).
Book Chapters
Caroline Andrew, John Biles and Erin Tolley. 2012. Follow the Leader? Integration and Inclusion in Ottawa. In Immigration, Integration and Inclusion in Ontario, Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Meyer Burstein, Victoria Esses and Erin Tolley, eds., 49-83. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. (Full co-author)
Erin Tolley, John Biles, Caroline Andrew, Victoria Esses and Meyer Burstein. 2012. Introduction: From Metropolis to Welcoming Communities. In Immigration, Integration and Inclusion in Ontario Cities, Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Meyer Burstein, Victoria Esses and Erin Tolley, eds., 1-21. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. (First author)
John Biles, Erin Tolley, Victoria Esses, Caroline Andrew and Meyer Burstein. 2012. Conclusion: Immigration, Integration, and Inclusion in Ontario Cities. In Immigration, Integration and Inclusion in Ontario Cities, Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Meyer Burstein, Victoria Esses and Erin Tolley, eds., 319-342. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. (Second author)
Erin Tolley and Paul Spoonley. 2012. Diverse Nations, Diverse Responses: Introduction. In Diverse Nations, Diverse Responses: Approaches to Social Cohesion in Immigrant Societies, Paul Spoonley and Erin Tolley, eds., 1-12. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. (First author)
Erin Tolley. 2011. Who Invited Them to the Party? Federal-Municipal Relations in Immigrant Settlement Policy. In Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities, Erin Tolley and Robert Young, eds., 3- 48. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. (Solo author)
John Biles, Erin Tolley, Caroline Andrew, Victoria Esses and Meyer Burstein. 2011. Integration and Inclusion in Ontario: The Sleeping Giant Stirs. In Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities Across Canada, John Biles, Meyer Burstein, James Frideres, Robert Vineberg and Erin Tolley, eds., 195-246. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. (Second author)
Erin Tolley, John Biles, Robert Vineberg, Meyer Burstein and James Frideres. 2011. Introduction: Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities Across Canada. In Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities Across Canada, John Biles, Meyer Burstein, James Frideres, Robert Vineberg and Erin Tolley, eds., 1-16. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. (First author)
John Biles, Meyer Burstein, James Frideres, Erin Tolley and Robert Vineberg. 2011. Conclusion. In Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities Across Canada, John Biles, Meyer Burstein, James Frideres, Robert Vineberg and Erin Tolley, eds., 397-419. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. (Full co-author)
John Biles and Erin Tolley. 2008. Our Unrepresentative But Somewhat Successful Capital: Electoral Representation in Ottawa. Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation of Immigrants, Minorities and Women. Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin Tolley eds., 111-135. Vancouver: UBC Press. (Full co-author)
Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin Tolley. 2008. Introduction. Electing a Diverse Canada: The Electoral Representation of Immigrants and Minorities in Canadian Cities. Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin Tolley, eds., 3-22. Vancouver: UBC Press. (Full co-author)
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Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin Tolley. 2008. Conclusion. Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation of Immigrants, Minorities and Women. Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin Tolley, eds., 255-269.Vancouver: UBC Press. (Full co-author)
Erin Tolley. 2006. The Skilled Worker Class: Selection Criteria in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. Immigration and Refugee Law: Cases, Materials and Commentary. Emily Carasco, Sharryn Aiken, Donald Galloway, and Audrey Macklin, eds., 333-341. Toronto: Emond Montgomery Press. (Solo author)
MANUSCRIPTS IN PREPARATION
Erin Tolley. Add colour and stir? Media coverage of visible minority women in Canadian politics. Book chapter in preparation. (Solo author)
Erin Tolley. Partisan players or political pawns? Immigrants, minorities and conservatives in Canada. Book chapter under review. (Solo author)
Erin Tolley. Bringing gender in: 50 years of scholarship on women in Canadian political science. Working paper. (Solo author)
Erin Tolley. Diversifying the political pipeline: Candidate recruitment and selection by Canadian political parties. Book manuscript in progress. (Solo author)
Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant and Erin Tolley. Experimental evidence on race and gender affinity effects in candidate choice. Working paper. (Co-author)
Andrea Lawlor and Erin Tolley. Deciding what’s legitimate: Canadian news media framing of refugee admissions and settlement. Working paper. (Co-author)
NON-REFEREED PUBLICATIONS
Sue Thomas and Erin Tolley. 2016. Gender politics and the state: North America. Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. London: Wiley-Blackwell. (Full co-author)
Erin Tolley. 2015. Visible minority and Indigenous Members of Parliament. Canadian Election Analysis: Communication, Strategy, and Democracy. Alex Marland and Thierry Giasson, eds. Vancouver: UBC Press. (Solo author)
Erin Tolley. 2011. Multiculturalism Policy Index: Immigrant Minority Policies. Kingston: Queen’s School of Policy Studies. (Solo author)
Meyer Burstein and Erin Tolley. 2011. Exploring the Effectiveness of Place-Based Program Evaluations. Report prepared for the Policy Research Initiative. Ottawa: Government of Canada. (First author). Shauna Labman and Erin Tolley. 2010. What is a Canadian Citizen? The Mark (November 10). (Full co-
author)
John Biles, Erin Tolley and Humera Ibrahim. 2005. Multiculturalism in Canada: Where are We? Where Are
We Going? Canadian Diversity 4(1): 23-28. (Second author)
John Biles and Erin Tolley. 2004. Getting Seats at the Table(s): The Political Participation of Newcomers and
Minorities in Ottawa. Our Diverse Cities 1(1): 174-179. (Full co-author)
Erin Tolley. 2004. National Identity and the ‘Canadian Way’: Values, Connections and Culture. Canadian
Diversity 3(2): 11-15. (Solo author)
John Biles and Erin Tolley. 2004. Intersections of Diversity: Is This the Road to Better Policy? Canadian
Diversity 3(1): 53-56. (Full co-author)
Erin Tolley. 2003. Expressing Citizenship Through Electoral Participation: Values and Responsibilities.
Canadian Diversity 2(1): 13-16. (Solo author)
SELECTED PAPERS PRESENTED AT MEETINGS AND SYMPOSIA (last 10 years)
Erin Tolley. 2015. Diversifying the political pipeline: Candidate recruitment and selection in Canada. Paper presented at the Biennial conference of the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States. Las Vegas. 16 October.
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Andrea Lawlor and Erin Tolley. 2015. Deciding what’s legitimate: Canadian news media framing of refugee admissions and settlement. Paper presented at the Biennial conference of the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States. Las Vegas. 17 October.
Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant and Erin Tolley. 2015. Supporting one of their own? Explaining race and gender affinity in vote choice. Paper presented at the Conference of the European Consortium for Political Research. Montreal. 29 August.
Erin Tolley and Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant. 2014. Experimental Evidence on Race and Gender Affinity Effects in Candidate Choice. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association. St. Catharines, Ontario. 29 May. Revised version presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association. Washington, DC. 27 August. Short-listed for the 2015 Jill Vickers Prize for best paper on women and politics presented at the 2014 meeting of the CPSA.
Erin Tolley. 2014. Racially Mediated Reporting: Journalists’ Role in the Coverage of Diversity in Politics. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association and at the annual meeting of the Canadian Communication Association. St. Catharines, Ontario. 27 May and 29 May.
Erin Tolley. 2013. Partisan Players or Political Pawns? Immigrants, Minorities and Conservatives in Canada. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Political Science Association. Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. 5 October.
Erin Tolley. 2013. Add Colour and Stir? Media Portrayals of Visible Minority Women in Canadian Politics. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association. Victoria, British Columbia. 4 June.
Erin Tolley. 2012. Black and White or Shades of Grey? Racial Mediation in Canadian Politics. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association. Edmonton, Alberta.13 June 2012.
Erin Tolley. 2011. Racial Mediation and the Framing of Candidates’ Viability in Canadian Politics. Paper
presented at the Conference of the European Consortium for Political Research. Reykjavik, Iceland. 26
August.
Erin Tolley. 2011. The Colour of Your Skin, or the Content of Your Character? Race Framing in the 2008
Canadian Election. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association.
Waterloo, Ontario 16 May.
Erin Tolley. 2011. Framed: Visible Minorities, the Media and Politics in Canada. Paper presented at the 13th
National Metropolis Conference. Vancouver, British Columbia. 24 March.
Erin Tolley. 2011. Visible Minorities, the Media and Politics in Canada: A Case of Racial Mediation? Paper
presented at Canadian Democracy at a Crossroads. Ottawa, Ontario. 10 February.
Erin Tolley. 2009 Who Invited Them to the Party? Federal-Municipal Relations in Settlement Policy. Paper
presented at the 14th International Metropolis Conference. Copenhagen, Denmark. 16 September. Erin Tolley. 2009. Women’s Electoral Presence: Refuting the Notion of a Municipal Advantage. Paper
presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association. Toronto, Ontario. 3
September.
Caroline Andrew, John Biles and Erin Tolley. 2009. Integration and Inclusion in the City of Ottawa. With
Caroline Andrew and John Biles. Roundtable presentation at the annual meeting of the Canadian Political
Science Association. Ottawa, Ontario. 27 May.
Caroline Andrew, John Biles, Meyer Burstein, Victoria Esses and Erin Tolley. 2009. Integration and Inclusion
in Ontario: Fumbling Forward? Paper presented at the 11th National Metropolis Conference. Calgary, Alberta. 21 March.
INVITED LECTURES (last 5 years)
Erin Tolley. 2016. Media and the Coverage of Race in Canadian Politics. Invited presentation at the Department of Political Science Speaker Series, Brock University. 24 February.
Erin Tolley 2016. Framed: Media Coverage of Race in Canadian Politics. Invited presentation at the Department of Political Science Speaker Series, University of Calgary. 4 March.
Erin Tolley. 2016. Media and the Coverage of Race in Canadian Politics. Invited presentation at the International Workshop on Political Communication, Université Laval, 22 April.
Erin Tolley. 2014. Local Involvement in Immigrant Settlement. Invited presentation at the National Metropolis Conference. Gatineau, Quebec. 12 March.
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Erin Tolley. 2013. Cities and Governance of Immigrant Settlement. Invited panelist at the National Metropolis Conference. Ottawa, Ontario. 14 March.
Erin Tolley. 2013. Who Invited them to the Party? The Municipal Role in Settling Newcomers. Invited keynote at the Building the New West conference. Calgary, Alberta. 8 March.
Erin Tolley. 2012 and 2013. Cleavage, Cry-baby or Cabinet Material? How the Media Cover Gender in Politics. Invited keynote at the Later Life Learning series. Kingston and Belleville, Ontario. 7 November 2012; 5 January.
Erin Tolley. 2012. Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities. Invited presentation at Citizenship and Immigration Canada’s Ideas Forum. Ottawa, Ontario. 31 January.
Erin Tolley. 2011. Black and White or Shades of Grey? Racial Mediation in Canadian Politics. Invited panelist at a workshop on The Political Immigrant: A Comparative Portrait. Montreal, Quebec. 18 November.
Erin Tolley. 2011. Framed: Visible Minorities, the Media and Politics in Canada. Invited presentation to the Queen’s Board of Trustees. Kingston, Ontario. 4 March.
AWARDS AND GRANTS
Aid to Scholarly Publications Program, 2016 ($8,000)
University of Toronto Connaught New Researcher Award, 2014-2015 ($10,000)
University of Toronto SSHRC Institutional and Graduate Research Grants, 2014-2015 ($4,552)
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Connection Grant, 2013-2015 ($11,580)
Trudeau Foundation Public Interaction Program Grant, 2013 ($4,000)
Trudeau Foundation Dissemination Grant, 2013 ($10,000)
Trudeau Foundation Doctoral Scholarship, 2010-2013 ($180,000)
Federation of Canadian Municipalities Scholarship, 2010 ($1,000)
Canadian Japanese Mennonite Scholarship for Human Rights, 2010 ($2,000)
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Canada Graduate Scholarship, 2008-2011 ($105,000) Queen’s University Tri-Council Award, 2008 ($5,000)
Ontario Graduate Scholarship, 20008 (declined)
OTHER TRAINING
Maxwell Institute for Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research, Syracuse University, 2010
ECPR Institute in Methods and Techniques, University of Ljubljana, 2009 TEACHING
Canadian Government and Politics (POL 214Y), University of Toronto Mississauga Undergraduate course (200 students)
Instructor. September 2013-April 2014; September 2015-April 2016
Immigration and Multiculturalism in Canada (POL 490/2102H), University of Toronto Graduate and undergraduate honours seminar (20 students)
Instructor. January-April 2014; January-April 2016.
Research Opportunity Program (POL 399), University of Toronto Mississauga Undergraduate applied research course (1-3 students)
Instructor. September 2015-April 2016; May-August 2016
Seminar in Public Policy (POL 404), Queen’s University Undergraduate seminar (20 students)
Teaching Fellow. September-December 2011
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OTHER EMPLOYMENT
Government of Canada
Director, Citizenship and Immigration Canada (April 2004 – September 2008) Senior Analyst, Communication Canada (July 2003 – April 2004)
Analyst, Citizenship and Immigration Canada (June 2002 – June 2003) Analyst, Canadian Heritage (August 2001 – June 2002)
Library of Parliament
Intern, Economics Branch (September 2000 – June 2001)
PROFESSIONAL SERVICE Disciplinary Service
Reviewer. Canadian Journal of Political Science, Canadian Ethnic Studies, Journal of International Migration and Integration, Journal of Urban Affairs, BC Studies, International Journal of Communication, International Journal of Press/Politics, Political Research Quarterly, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, Oxford University Press, University of Toronto Press, MITACS
Panel Discussant (11). Canadian Political Science Association (2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2010, 2004); National Metropolis Conference (2010, 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001)
Panel Chair (16). Canadian Political Science Association (2013, 2011, 2010, 2004); Canadian Communication Association (2014, 2013); European Consortium for Political Research (2015); International Metropolis Conference (2007, 2006); National Metropolis Conference (2008, 2006); Immigration Futures (2006); Canadian Population Society (2005); Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association (2005); Diversity in Canadian Politics (2004); Canadian Ethnic Studies Association (2003)
Conference Program Committee (1). Section Head for Women, Gender and Politics, Canadian Political Science Association (2017)
Conference Co-organizer (4). Democratic Deficits: Representation and Equality in Canadian Politics (2013); Citizenship From Coast to Coast to Coast (2011, 2010); Intersections of Diversity (2002, 2003); Bringing Worlds Together (2002)
Panel Organizer or Co-organizer (10). Various conferences, including the European Consortium for Political Research, National Metropolis Conference, International Metropolis Conference, and the Canadian Political Science Association
Director. Canadian Political Science Association (2015-2018) University Service
Member. Academic Appeals Board, University of Toronto Mississauga (2013-2015)
Member. Senate Committee on Academic Procedures, Queen’s University (2009-2011) Other Service
Advisory Board Member. Federation of Canadian Municipalities Diverse Voices for Change (2016 – present)
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Collaborator. Pathways to Prosperity (2013-present) Animator. Public Policy and Municipalities (2008-2011)
PUBLISHED REVIEWS OF MY WORK
Kenise Kilbride. 2015. Review of Diverse Nations, Diverse Responses: Approaches to Social Cohesion in Immigrant Societies. Canadian Journal of Political Science 48(3): 738-739.
Rebecca Pero. 2014. Review of Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities. Canadian Geographer 58(2): 34-35.
Katherine M. O’Flaherty. 2014. Review of Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities Across Canada. American Review of Canadian Studies 44(1): 135-137.
Geoffrey Mercer. 2013. Review of Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities. British Journal of Canadian Studies 26(2): 287-288.
Mellisa Sharpe-Harrigan. 2012. Review of Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities. Canadian Journal of Political Science 45(4): 971-972.
Joseph Mensah. 2012. Review of Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities Across Canada. Canadian Public Policy 38(3): 438-439.
Linda Trimble. 2011. Review of Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation of Immigrants, Minorities and Women. International Migration Review 12(3): 369-370.
Jeanette Ashe. 2011. Review of Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation of Immigrants, Minorities and Women. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 32(3): 264-267.
Robert MacDermid. 2010. Review of Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation of Immigrants, Minorities and Women. Canadian Journal of Urban Research 19(1): 138-139.
Nelson Wiseman. 2010. Review of Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities. Canadian Ethnic Studies 42(1): 261-266.
Amanda Bittner. 2009. Review of Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation of Immigrants, Minorities and Women. Canadian Journal of Political Science 42(3): 799-801.
[updated May 2016]
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Print Marked Items
Tolley, Erin. Framed: media and the coverage of race in Canadian politics
C.L. Lalonde
CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries. 53.10 (June 2016): p1542. From Book Review Index Plus.
Source Citation (MLA 8th Edition)
Lalonde, C.L. "Tolley, Erin. Framed: media and the coverage of race in Canadian politics." CHOICE: Current
Reviews for Academic Libraries, June 2016, p. 1542. PowerSearch, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do? p=GPS&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA454942987&it=r&asid=4d604d9164f2000d43b23afbc8041f80. Accessed 13 Apr. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A454942987
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Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities Across Canada
Katherine M. O'Flaherty
American Review of Canadian Studies.
44.1 (Mar. 2014): p135. From Book Review Index Plus.
Source Citation (MLA 8th Edition)
O'Flaherty, Katherine M. "Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities Across Canada." American
Review of Canadian Studies, vol. 44, no. 1, 2014, p. 135+. PowerSearch, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do? p=GPS&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA365230034&it=r&asid=e8c1d8c8387511c79b7bc0930a5a4e91. Accessed 13 Apr. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A365230034
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Erin Tolley and Robert Young (eds), Immigration Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities
Geoffrey Mercer
British Journal of Canadian Studies.
26.2 (Fall 2013): p287. From Book Review Index Plus. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2013.15
COPYRIGHT 2013 Liverpool University Press (UK) http://www.liverpool-unipress.co.uk/html/publication.asp?idProduct=3830
Full Text:
Erin Tolley and Robert Young (eds), Immigration Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2011), 344pp. Cased. $95. ISBN 978-1-7735-3877-1. Paper. $29.95. ISBN 978-0-7735-3888-7.
Canadian governments acknowledge their reliance on continuing 'high' immigration for economic and population growth. At the same time, in international comparisons, Canada ranks highly on the social inclusion of immigrants. Yet doubts have been expressed about the success of current settlement policy. For example, recent entrants, who come predominantly from non-European countries, have not progressed economically as well as earlier cohorts, and a significant minority does not settle permanently.
What then are the main features of immigrant settlement policy? This volume offers a comparative picture, both multi- level and multi-sectoral. It explores the impact of governments and ethno-cultural groups and associated support organisations, with specific attention to the municipal level. In the Introduction, Tolley sets the scene by reviewing immigration patterns and policies, and issues in analysing immigration, settlement and policy making. Five case study chapters follow: the first addresses federal policies, with a mini-study of francophone minority organisations outside Quebec (Andrew and Abdourhamane Hima); the rest comprise detailed studies covering Ontario (Stasiulis, Hughes and Amery), Quebec (Chiasson and Koji), Nova Scotia (Haddow) and British Columbia (Kataoka and Magnusson). The volume ends with an editorial Conclusion (Young).
The strength of the volume lies in the research studies that set the orthodoxy of vertical policy-making in Canadian federalism against the more complex, front-line reality. Important contrasts and similarities are identified between and within provinces. Thus, Quebec offers a distinctive governance model characterised by the provincial government's pre-eminent role, and the delivery of services by NGOs and local and regional organisations. Conversely, the Nova Scotia government has been relatively inactive. In most provinces there is enough flexibility to allow municipalities scope to innovate and collaborate, but the enduring impression is of their reluctance to intervene. An obvious exception has been in Ontario, where municipalities were formally accorded a policy role alongside Ottawa and the provincial government. Municipalities commonly stress the additional demands generated by significant immigrant numbers on local services, including social housing and welfare, roads and public transport. Yet federal and provincial funding is concentrated on direct settlement needs, such as language instruction. Larger cities have taken the lead in calling for a 'new deal' and greater participation in policy discussions. Young's Conclusion chapter acknowledges the range of theoretical approaches adopted by contributors. Some situate immigration/settlement policies within the context of globalisation and neo-liberalism, reject the orthodoxy surrounding multiculturalism, and highlight the significance of racism and structural factors. He does not pursue these issues but notes how settlement policy generally operates like 'a well-oiled machine' (p. 299). Overall, the discussion would benefit from more engagement with attempts by other researchers to develop typologies or models to capture the variations in policy choices identified. A similar approach is required to the role of social forces in policy-making. Conversely, evaluation of policy performance or effectiveness needs to build on much more intensive discussion of the main issues in the case studies.
More widely, this volume raises important questions about the conventional wisdom that municipalities are creatures
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of the provinces. The case studies also inform other debates about the character of local democracy in Canada. doi:10.3828/bjcs.2013.15
Geoffrey Mercer, University of Leeds
Mercer, Geoffrey
Source Citation (MLA 8th Edition)
Mercer, Geoffrey. "Erin Tolley and Robert Young (eds), Immigration Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities."
British Journal of Canadian Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, 2013, p. 287+. PowerSearch, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do? p=GPS&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA345610432&it=r&asid=931208613f9ed7aa5be05afab2e856fa. Accessed 13 Apr. 2017.
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Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities across Canada
Joseph Mensah
Canadian Public Policy.
38.3 (Sept. 2012): p438. From Book Review Index Plus.
Source Citation (MLA 8th Edition)
Mensah, Joseph. "Integration and Inclusion of Newcomers and Minorities across Canada." Canadian Public Policy,
vol. 38, no. 3, 2012, p. 438+. PowerSearch, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do? p=GPS&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA310407479&it=r&asid=7d290f9f556875d9fc5692759ebb3358. Accessed 13 Apr. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A310407479
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Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation
of Immigrants, Minorities, and Women; Caroline
Andrew, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin
Tolley, UBC Press (2008) 278 pages, ISBN-13:
978-0774814850
Linda Trimble
Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l'integration et de la migration
internationale.
12.3 (Aug. 2011): p369. From Book Review Index Plus. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-010-0170-4
Abstract:
Byline: Linda Trimble (1)
Author Affiliation:
(1) Department of Political Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Article History:
Registration Date: 18/11/2010
Online Date: 05/04/2011
Source Citation (MLA 8th Edition)
Trimble, Linda. "Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation of Immigrants, Minorities, and Women; Caroline
Andrew, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin Tolley, UBC Press (2008) 278 pages, ISBN-13: 978-
0774814850." Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l'integration et de la migration internationale, vol. 12, no. 3, 2011, p. 369+. PowerSearch, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do? p=GPS&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA280350076&it=r&asid=2f36ac68f8c11c050dd2c3ade661a9d3. Accessed 13 Apr. 2017.
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Andrew, Caroline, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin Tolley, Editors. Electing a Diverse Canada: the Representation of Immigrants, Minorities, and Women
Robert MacDermid
Canadian Journal of Urban Research.
19.1 (Summer 2010): pS138. From Book Review Index Plus. COPYRIGHT 2010 Institute of Urban Studies http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/cjscopy/events/cjur.html
Full Text:
Andrew, Caroline, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin Tolley, Editors.
Electing a Diverse Canada: the Representation of Immigrants, Minorities, and Women. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2008.
278 pp.
ISBN: 9780774814867.
"I never thought I would live to see this day" was the repeated comment of many African-Americans on the inauguration of Barack Obama. The hope and inspiration drawn from the event speaks to the importance of our democratically elected representatives looking like us, speaking for us, reflecting our experiences and hopefully acting on behalf of groups long denied proportionate and effective representation.
Do Canada's politicians reflect our diversity and our supposed commitment to a multicultural society? This edited volume shows that federal, provincial and municipal elected representatives in major urban cities across the country are disproportionately white, male, middle-aged, well-educated, and of European ancestry. No one should be surprised by this. The book adds to an already significant body of research that has repeatedly described the under- representation of women, visible minorities, First Nations peoples, and new Canadians amongst elected representatives. While the book does not follow historical trends, when taken together with other research, the conclusion must be that our elected representatives have never reflected or represented our diversity and any progress has been shamefully slow.
The chapters follow a similar methodology. Each author--Myer Siemiatycki on Toronto, Irene Bloemraad on Vancouver, Carolle Simard on Montreal, Shannon Sampert on Edmonton and Calgary, John Biles and Erin Tolley on Ottawa, Karen Bird on Hamilton, Joseph Garcea on Regina and Saskatoon, Karen Murray on Halifax, and Brenda O'Neill and Jared Wesley on Winnipeg--compares the gender, ethnicity, religion, visible minority, age and education and foreign born characteristics of each city's census region with those of municipal, provincial and federal representatives elected to office in the 2004 Federal election and the closest provincial and municipal election years. Information on the background of representatives was obtained through surveys or other information where respondents did not reply.
Chapter after chapter reports that elected representatives do not reflect the diversity of the population: "power in Montreal remains concentrated in the hands of a social and ethnic elite"(p. 256); "the archetypal elected official [in
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Halifax] is 51 years old, university educated, White, Anglo-Saxon, male, [and] Christian" (p.180); "The under- representation of women, First Nations, Metis, Franco-Manitobans, and the growing visible minority populations make it clear that the city's political leadership fails to reflect much of Winnipeg's diversity" (p. 256); and so on.
If the book's strength lies in documenting the pattern of under-representation of demographic groups at all elected levels and in all major urban areas, its weakness is in explaining from the pluralist framework (in which the book is firmly rooted), why these representational deficits persist, some for as long as the history of Canadian liberal democracy. While many of the chapters locate important barriers to mirror representation in political institutions and assume that they can be overcome, too few chapters look for answers in a political class that continues to fashion or defend exclusionary representative institutions such as disproportionate electoral systems, the rationing of representation apparent in municipal amalgamations, election campaign and party finance rules that favour the wealthy and the defunding of effective proponents such as the National Action Committee on the Status of Women.
Not enough is made of the repeated finding that representatives are well-educated and generally wealthy even when they come from an under-represented group. Often unmentioned is one of the greatest representational deficits: that of working class Canadians. Bird observes that in Hamilton "not a single representative was employed as a tradesman or industrial worker, despite this being the largest occupational group (27 percent) in the city" (p. 148).
The chapters on Ottawa and Halifax are the only two that investigate the struggles of under-represented groups to participate in the political process and the limited gains they have achieved. How these groups are able to organize to build their resources, overcome obstacles placed in their way, form coalitions to broaden their claims, and overcome the divisions that flow from their multiple identities will ultimately determine their success in achieving the presentation of their needs. The next book on this important topic should focus there.
Robert MacDermid, Associate Professor, Political Science, York University. MacDermid, Robert
Source Citation (MLA 8th Edition)
MacDermid, Robert. "Andrew, Caroline, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki and Erin Tolley, Editors. Electing a Diverse
Canada: the Representation of Immigrants, Minorities, and Women." Canadian Journal of Urban Research, vol.
19, no. 1, 2010, p. S138+. PowerSearch, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do? p=GPS&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA243797928&it=r&asid=72e8d600c5c6a0603e9fd1bdcb14eaff. Accessed 13 Apr. 2017.
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Cities and immigrants
Nelson Wiseman
Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal.
41.3 (Fall 2009): p261. From Book Review Index Plus. COPYRIGHT 2009 Canadian Ethnic Studies Association http://www.confmanager.com/main.cfm?cid=128&nid=1805
Full Text:
Erin Tolley and Robert Young, eds. Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities. Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2011.331 pp. Notes. Index. $29.95 sc.
Kristin R. Good. Municipalities and Multiculturalism: The Politics of Immigration in Toronto and Vancouver. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 363 pp. Notes. References. Index. $32.95 sc.
Reza Hasmath, ed. Managing Ethnic Diversity: Meanings and Practices from an International Perspective. Farnham, Eng.: Ashgate, 2011. 258 pp. Index. 54.00 [pounds sterling] hc.
A century ago, in 1913, over 400,000 immigrants arrived in Canada--one immigrant for every sixteen residents in the country. In 2012, as in the other years in the past decade, the immigrant influx will be about 250,000 or approximately two-thirds of one percent of the national population. Recent immigrants attract attention because they are overwhelmingly "visible" and officialdom defines them as such. In their own way, the immigrants of a century ago were "visible" as well--foreign dress, customs, languages, and diets communicated their visibility. During the Depression, some cities had immigrants who were receiving welfare payments deported. Today's immigrants arrive in a context of public policies designed to aid them. The policy motive for the massive inflow in the early part of the last century was rural settlement in the West; well into the 1920s, the Canadian Pacific Railway aggressively lobbied Ottawa to admit more immigrants from the "non-preferred" countries of central and eastern Europe because over thirty million acres of vacant land were within fifteen miles of the CPR's rail network, making the railway less viable than it might otherwise have been. Some immigrants in this turn-of-the twentieth century wave also headed for eastern Canadian cities to labour in their then-burgeoning manufacturing sector.
Since then, rural agricultural Canada has steadily declined and manufacturing has been on a downward slope for decades. Today's immigrants settle overwhelmingly in cities and their suburbs. These newcomers labour disproportionately in the economy's service, or tertiary, sector, while there are few in the primary sector-farming, fishing, logging, and mining. The visible minorities on Canada's farms tend to be temporary, seasonally-employed foreigners. The principle motive driving immigration policy today continues to be economic, but the rationale is different: a younger cohort of Canadians is now required to pay the taxes sustaining social programs for an aging population in its retirement and declining health.
Immigrants gravitate to the largest conurbations--greater Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal are now home to one of every three Canadians--because they have existing ethnic and family networks for many of the recently arrived. Most immigrants also perceive large cities as offering the best prospects for employment and for escalation on the socio- economic ladder. A challenge for smaller centres is recruiting and retaining immigrants, something to which senior levels of government have become more responsive in the past decade. The technical and educational backgrounds of immigrants have also changed over the past century. Immigration policy now rewards literacy, skills qualifications, and proficiency in one of two official languages. Once, these mattered much less or not at all. And, where Britons and Americans and then Europeans were once given preference in admission policy, they must now get in the queue with the others.
The three books reviewed here juxtapose urban and immigrant policy considerations in the context of Canada's ethnocultural and ethno-racial diversity. All three books address the management of the social changes wrought by
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multiculturalism. As a monograph, Kristin Good's Municipalities and Multiculturalism offers one big story; the other two books, as edited collections, tell smaller stories that revolve around two related themes: one book dissects sub- national, primarily provincial and municipal immigrant settlement policies in Canada; the other explores the management of ethno-cultural diversity in a broader international and cross-disciplinary context. The first of the edited books is in a Fields of Governance Series and is the product of a project entitled Multilevel Governance and Public Policy in Canadian Municipalities. The second, whose series editor is at Utrecht University, appears under the aegis of the European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations.
Robert Young's excellent concluding chapter in Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities ties together the diverse threads in the book's chapters, which cover four provinces and draw on the experiences of nineteen municipalities. Among his observations and considerations, Young assesses the efficacy of the various policies referred to in the book and makes some of his own policy proposals, such as expanding the Provincial Nominee Program. This is something Ottawa's cur rent Minister of Immigration is hesitant to do unless these programs become more responsive to local labour market needs and no longer permit nominees to skirt the otherwise mandatory official language requirement. Young's co-editor, Erin Tolley, is, like Young, a political scientist, and most of the chapters in their book reflect that orientation. Many of the contributors are graduate students, but there also some pieces by established scholars such as Caroline Andrew, Warren Magnusson, Daiva Stasiulus, and Rodney Haddow. The chapter on Quebec highlights the implications of the province's cultural distinctiveness for how immigrants are perceived and received. Quebec marginalizes, indeed counters, the federal government's approach to multiculturalism and immigrant integration, and it is in this province that the accommodation of immigrants' cultural traditions generates the most controversy and contestation.
In contrast to Young's substantial summation and reflections on his book's chapters, Reza Hasmath barely tries to deal with overarching themes in Managing Ethnic Diversity; he offers little more than two pages of thumbnail sketches of what his book's contributors do. Nevertheless, his opening chapter provides an illuminating, if brief, dissection of how the use of the term "ethnic" has changed and of how others have used and thought of it. Those who deploy "ethnic" do not usually define what they mean by the term and they assume that readers understand and accept their use of it. The word has a classic Greek root; the ancients used it to refer to pagans. Now, "ethnic" is used widely in a variety of ways. Although the book's orientation is sociological and anthropological, the authors hail from a range of disciplines and fields including philosophy, Chinese literature, history, political science, and labour studies. The chapters seem largely detached from one another and the book will not be widely consulted by students of Canada's ethnic experience.
As the reader proceeds through Hasmath's collection, he finds that "multiculturalism" like "ethnicity," is used in various ways. To Rachei Marangozov, who writes on the understanding and practice of multiculturalism in the United Kingdom, multiculturalism is not a descriptor of some ideal conflict-free state but of processes of governance and management. Toula Nicolacopoulos and George Vassilacopoulos also frame their analysis of the Australian multicultural experience in terms of management and "(mis)management," while Augie Fleras casts the Antipodean response in terms of "isms"--New Zealand's biculturalism as opposed to Australia's multiculturalism.
Good's study, the meatiest of the three books, sets out to explain why Toronto and Vancouver--and some of their suburban satellites such as Mississauga and Richmond--attract as many immigrants as they do and how these municipalities respond to them. Like many of those in the Tolley-Young book, Good has sympathy for a greater municipal voice in the Canadian system of government, which designates municipalities as creatures of their provincial governments. Based on her Ph.D. thesis, Good's book won the Canadian Political Science Association's prestigious Donald Smiley Prize in 2010 as the best book related to the study of Canadian government and politics. Richly documented, well written, and drawing on interviews, some anonymous, with over one hundred politicians, public administrators, policy planners, police officers, and librarians, her book represents a vital contribution to urban policy studies, which in Canada have tended to focus on federal urban initiatives and programs. Such studies have largely overlooked what municipalities, in concert with non-governmental societal organizations and businesses, as well as their provincial governments, have accomplished. The city where the federal government is the lead player in immigrant settlement activity is, of course, Ottawa.
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Both Good's book and the Tolley-Young collection probe the role of social forces and civil society actors in policy- making and administration, but the studies in the latter are overwhelmingly descriptive, while Good's are placed in a rigorous theoretical framework. Both books reveal intricate webs of non-governmental organizations and both point to the distinctive contexts of local politics. A story that shines through in both books is that if the federal and provincial governments fail to respond adequately to immigrant and diversity issues, municipalities, local pressure groups, and social movements will fill the void. In this respect, the Tolley-Young and Good books share much in common thematically. Although Young makes some intra-provincial comparisons, Good's book is value-added for it offers a comparative perspective in contrasting the greater Toronto and greater Vancouver cases. For example, we learn that within a single province, cities may address the problems of immigrant integration and settlement differently; in Ontario, some cities' programs take a generic approach to issues such as poverty and discrimination, and their programs do not single out recent immigrants for special treatment, while other municipalities, such as Peel, have programs specifically targeting immigrant poverty.
Good draws heavily on Clarence Stone's "urban regime theory" which deals with the building of multi-sector alliances and the processes of multi-level governance--concepts in vogue in contemporary political science circles. A problem with applying Stone's thesis is its grounding in his studies of American cities, specifically Atlanta. He draws much attention, consistent with the political and economic cultural traditions of the United States, to the vibrant role of the business community in the municipal body politic, and his theory is heavily biased towards the institutional framework of the United States. In Canada, however, the federal anal, especially, the provincial states, more so than business interests, have been the pivots shaping urban development and the prospects and outcomes for immigrants.
Good's book could serve as a text or as a valuable reference book in a course in local politics. Graduate students and researchers interested in the dynamics of immigration in Canada will consult and cite it, although its specific stories, if not the book's thesis, will date quickly. To underscore this point, consider that when Good conducted her research, a progressive mayor with an NDP background led Toronto. He, his council, and their bureaucracies were supportive of immigrant services, and they produced the most responsive approaches of any Ontario city to addressing the challenges that face newcomers. Both Good and the Ontario chapter in the Tolley-Young collection note that coalitions of ethnocultural and settlement organizations have been successful in pressuring Toronto's city government to react to their concerns. A Conservative politician, however, has since replaced the previous mayor and, in the course of his winning campaign, he famously--or infamously, depending on the listener's bias--declared, "We can't even take care of our 2.5 million people. It's more important that we take care of the people now, before we start bringing in more." Immigrant settlement policy and diversity issues are obviously not priorities for the new municipal administration, especially so in a context where the new regime at City Hall seeks to cut programs and budgets.
Managing Ethnic Diversity offers comparative perspectives but, unlike the Good and Tolley-Young books, they are international. One chapter compares ethno-development outcomes in Toronto and Taipei, another describes the settlement and representation of ethnic minorities in Beijing and draws some cursory comparisons with immigrant- receptive communities such as Toronto and Sydney, Australia. Various chapters examine the specific practices and policies of multiculturalism in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Italy, and Austria. One chapter compares notions of multiculturalism in Canada and France, and draws attention to France's decade-old Stasi Report on the application of the principle of state secularity or laicite, a comparison also undertaken in Howard Adelman's recent book, Religion, Culture, and the State: Reflections on the Bouchard-Taflor Report. Suzanna Reiss's chapter focuses almost exclusively on Caribbean immigrants to Canada, and she trames her analysis in the context of the Caribbean's colonial heritage. Three of her chapter sections are titled, "colonies, nations, empires" "hemispheric racial orders," and "market multiculturalism." As an example of the latter, she chronicles the early history of the jewel of Toronto's summer festivals, Caribana, which was recently re-titled and commercially branded as Scotiabank Caribbean Carnival Toronto. The festival now pumps some $400 million into the Ontario economy over a two-week period. Reiss's chapter conveys the impression that she relies on research conducted decades ago, giving it a stale retreaded quality; there is not a single source cited for anything published since 1994.
While Good and the British Columbia chapter in the Tolley-Good book give Vancouver substantial and merited attention, Hasmath's book barely mentions the city. This is pertinent because, as Good demonstrates, the ethno-racial configuration of municipal societies produces differences among cities' policy-making and governance arrangements.
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.
The character of Winnipeg's large and dynamic Filipino community, for example, will contribute to the construction of an administrative regime for addressing the settlement and integration of Filipino immigrants that is distinctive and will differ from a regime designed to deal with Markham's substantial Chinese community or the large south Asian community in Surrey.
This trio of books appears amidst faltering public support for immigrant settlement programs and waning federal attention to municipal issues. In his campaign for the Liberal leadership and during his short-lived prime ministership, Paul Martin made much of a "New Deal for Cities" which included more revenue transfers for municipalities, most notably the sharing of the tax on gasoline. Against a backdrop of recent fiscal austerity, Ottawa has dramatically cut its funding for settlement programs and for its five Metropolis research centres, which focussed on the needs of and emerging trends among immigrants. Financially pressured provinces, in turn, calculate that immigrant settlement and integration programs are politically easier to curtail than health care or education spending. Ottawa's current approach to federalism makes little pretence to having an urban agenda, and the current Conservative government believes that the successful social integration of immigrants requires little more than an improvement in their economic conditions. A challenge to securing successful economic outcomes for so many immigrants in Canada is that zealously protective provincial professional and trades associations set the standards for immigrants' qualifications. There is little that Ottawa and even less that cities, their networks of non-governmental organizations and local businesses, can do to overcome these hurdles to the more successful management of immigrant outcomes.
Nelson Wiseman
Department of Political Science, University of Toronto Wiseman, Nelson
Source Citation (MLA 8th Edition)
Wiseman, Nelson. "Cities and immigrants." Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal, vol. 41, no. 3, 2009, p. 261+.
PowerSearch, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do? p=GPS&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA302114695&it=r&asid=300e22563e398b682cd1ff7be2c85067 Accessed 13 Apr. 2017.
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Race affects how media cover Canadian political candidates
By Priya Ramanujam, for New Canadian Media
With October’s federal elections inching closer, there will be a steady stream of coverage in mainstream newspapers across the country of the candidates vying for a seat in Parliament. As journalists and newspaper editors put together these stories, Canadian researcher Erin Tolley is calling for them to give careful thought to how they depict candidates of visible-minority backgrounds.
Tolley, an assistant professor in political science at the University of Toronto, is the author of Framed: Media and the Coverage of Race in Canadian Politics, a book-length study set for release in November, which examines how race factors into news stories about politicians and political candidates.
The book includes empirical data she collected during the 2008 federal elections after studying and comparing a sample of over 1,000 news stories from 18 mainstream Canadian daily newspapers on both visible minority and white candidates, as well as candid interviews with political candidates, others working in politics, and journalists.
While Tolley maintains the book’s message is not that the media are racist—she finds absolutely no examples of blatant racism in her analysis—what Framed does is use media coverage of Canadian politics to underline the fact that race still matters in Canada.
Likely candidate or a long shot?
One particular area of focus Tolley spends a lot of time analyzing is how a candidate’s viability in the election run was framed. Were they considered likely to succeed, or more of a long shot?
If the candidate was an incumbent (currently holding the seat in Parliament), no matter whether he or she was a visible minority or not, Tolley finds the coverage to be relatively the same. If the person was a non-incumbent, however, the differences in coverage become apparent.
“What I found is if you’re a visible-minority non-incumbent you’re portrayed as a long shot, an unlikely winner—basically you don’t have a hope,” said Tolley. This wasn’t the case for white non-incumbents.
This finding speaks to a certain level of skepticism that exists around visible-minority candidates, she adds. They tend to have to prove themselves in ways their white counterparts do not.
Tolley finds the notions of visible-minority candidates only being able to serve people from their own ethnic group and unable to understand the issues of other Canadians concerning. White candidates, she says, don’t face this challenge.
“When I talked to political strategists from the party, people who worked on the campaigns, they said, ‘Yes, they need to meet a higher bar,’” explains Tolley. “They’re going to be met with skepticism—they’re going to have to be better and to be stronger in order to get nominated and in order to win.”
Pigeonholed on the issues
Where Tolley also finds stark differences in coverage is in the types of issues visible minorities seem to be most connected to. While they are often quoted in stories on immigration policy, multiculturalism or poverty—all “so-called minority issues,” as Tolley refers to them—their voices are often absent from stories about more “pressing” issues like the economy and the environment.
“Some people said to me, ‘Well, that makes sense because probably visible minorities don’t care as much about those issues,’” recalls Tolley. “[But] when I talked to visible-minority candidates about their issue priorities, many of them talked about the economy—things like taxes, finding good jobs, having credentials recognized, that sort of thing—and that doesn’t come out in their media coverage.”
White candidates, she says, don’t face this challenge, as they are often positioned as having broad reach and the ability to “woo” or “court” the ethnic vote.
“No one ever talks about the fact that white candidates also appeal to white voters. I mean, no one would write that,” Tolley says. “No one even describes white candidates as ‘white candidates’ or really talks about where they were born. Whiteness is basically put forward as the default and therefore not worthy of being mentioned, whereas minority or immigrant background is something that is covered because it is seen to be outside the norm or atypical, and therefore newsworthy.”
Changing pace
With the upcoming elections, there is still time for media outlets to consider Tolley’s research in their approach to the stories that they run. Everything from picture and headline choice to inclusion of socio-demographic background and whether a “diversity” angle is relevant to a story or not should be considered, she advises.
But most importantly, Tolley says, people—not just the media, but all Canadians—need to be open to the idea of talking about race, a subject she found during her research many are still uncomfortable with.
“Some of my interviewees talked about the fact that they are colour-blind—they don’t see colour,” she explains. “I said instead of talking about ‘colour-blindness,’ we should think more about the fact that we’ve been mute in conversations about race. We haven’t had mature discussions about it.”
This article originally appeared on New Canadian Media, and is reprinted here with permission.