Project and content management for Contemporary Authors volumes
WORK TITLE: The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology
WORK NOTES:
PSEUDONYM(S):
BIRTHDATE: 1949
WEBSITE:
CITY: Montgomery
STATE: AL
COUNTRY: United States
NATIONALITY: American
RESEARCHER NOTES:
LC control no.: n 86870121
LCCN Permalink: https://lccn.loc.gov/n86870121
HEADING: Haulman, Daniel L. (Daniel Lee), 1949-
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100 10 |a Haulman, Daniel L. |q (Daniel Lee), |d 1949-
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670 __ |a nuc86-110416: His Abolishing the forms to … 1983 |b (hdg. on MnU-L rept.: Haulman, Daniel Lee, 1949- ; usage: Daniel Lee Haulman)
670 __ |a The United Stes Air Force and humanitarian … 1998: |b CIP t.p. (Daniel L. Haulman)
953 __ |a np13 |b jg14
PERSONAL
Born 1949; married Ellen Evans; children: Evan.
EDUCATION:University of Southwestern Louisiana, B.A.; University of New Orleans, M.A.; Auburn University, Ph.D., 1983.
ADDRESS
CAREER
Air Force Historical Research Agency, Montgomery, AL, Chief of Organizational History Division, 1982–; former faculty member, Huntington College, Auburn University Montgomery, and Faulkner University; former high school teacher.
AWARDS:Milo B. Howard Award.
WRITINGS
SIDELIGHTS
Daniel L. Haulman is a historian and writer who is Chief of Organizational History Division at the Air Force Historical Research Agency. He holds degrees from the University of Southwestern Louisiana, the University of New Orleans, and Auburn University, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1983. He is the author of several books about U.S. Air Force history.
Wings of Hope
Wings of Hope: The U.S. Air Force and Humanitarian Airlift Operations presents a history of A.S. humanitarian airlifts from 1945 through the early 1990s. Among these was the Berlin airlift, which began in 1948 after the Soviet Union blockaded the city in an attempt to force out legitimate occupation forces in the Western sectors of the city. The blockade cut off supplies of food, heating fuel, and other supplies crucial to Berlin residents. Instead of a military response, U.S. President Harry S. Truman ordered a humanitarian operation. American planes based in England and in West Germany flew over Berlin and dropped supplies of clothing, fuel, food, and medicines. The blockade lasted for almost a year, during which the Air Force dropped more than 1.5 million tons of materials to Berliners.
Airlift missions continued through the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and subsequent crises. In 1992, the United States joined an international airlift organized by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to drop food and medicine to residents of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who were living under siege by Bosnian Serb Army. The airlift, with some interruptions, ran until 1996. The United States made more than 4,500 flights as a participant in this airlift.
The United States Air Force and Humanitarian Airlift Operations, 1947-1994
The United States Air Force and Humanitarian Airlift Operations, 1947-1994 supplements previous publications on the history of Air Force humanitarian airlifts. As Haulman notes in the book’s introduction, humanitarian missions have been part of the U.S. military tradition since before the creation of an independent U.S. Air Force in 1947. Aircraft from the U.S. Army dropped food supplies to flooded areas in south Texas in 1919; in 1922 military planes rescued trapped miners in California. In subsequent years, military planes bombed ice jams on rivers to save crucial bridges and other infrastructure, and dropped food and other supplies to victims of floods and other natural disasters. Perhaps most dramatic among these interventions was the 1935 bombing of Hawaii’s Mauna Loa volcano, in order to stop its lava from destroying the city of Hilo.
Military flights to provide aid to foreign nations also predated the creation of the Air Force. During the 1930s, the U.S. military planes dropped medical supplies to earthquake victims in Chile. During World War II, the army’s 2nd Bombardment Wing dropped diphtheria vaccine to a vessel escorting a British aircraft carrier. Also during and immediately after the war, U.S. military planes dropped food to starving people in France and in the Netherlands.
After 1947, the U.S. Air Force continued to conduct domestic airlifts while also expanding these operations to countries most affected by the consolidation of the Soviet bloc in Eastern Europe. The escalation of the Cold War required the United States to maintain a robust military presence in Europe during peacetime. The large cargo planes used to supply these troops were also capable of delivering substantial amounts of relief supplies.
Haulman writes that though airdrops were targeted at specific communities in extreme need, the benefits of this aid spread across the entire economic and political life of recipient countries. What is more, such aid benefits the United States as a powerful diplomatic tool because it builds goodwill and also increases the opportunities for trade and other friendly interactions across the world. In addition, the experience of operating airlifts provides Air Force personnel with valuable training applicable to both military and humanitarian settings.
The Tuskegee Airmen and The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology
Several of Haulman’s books focus on the Tuskegee Airmen, who were the first African-American military pilots. African Americans were not allowed to serve as military pilots in World War I. But starting in 1940, they were accepted into pilot training at the Tuskegee Army Air Field and went on to form combat groups in the U.S. Army Air Force. These groups were deployed to North Africa, Sicily, and mainland Italy starting in 1943.
Written with Joseph Caver and Jerome Ennels, The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939-1949 provides an overview of the subject, from how the airmen were trained to the specific missions they flew during World War II. The book also includes the stories of support personnel such as mechanics, parachute riggers, navigators, and others who were part of the Tuskegee units. Writing in HistoryNet, Philip Handelman said that this story, which concludes with the Tuskegee pilots’ success in integrating the Air Force in 1949, is “powerfully told.”
In The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology: A Detailed Timeline of the Red Tails and Other Black Pilots of World War II, Haulman offers a concise but comprehensive history of the Tuskegee Airmen. Though much of the book deals with World War II, the author also discusses events before and after that period. He notes significant first achievements for African-American pilots, and discusses both combat and non-combat missions. In addition, he provides information on the airmen’s post-military careers.
Eleven Myths about the Tuskegee Airmen
In Eleven Myths about the Tuskegee Airmen, Haulman discusses misconceptions that have arisen about the famous African-American pilots. First was the belief that these pilots were inferior to white pilots, a belief that the author firmly sets right by pointing to the facts. Among other data, he cites air victory credits for the 332nd Fighter Group–one comprised of Tuskegee Airmen–that were higher than those for two of the white groups. Another misconception is that no bomber being escorted by the Tuskegee Airmen was shot down during the war; in fact, The Tuskegee Airmen lost at least seven bombers during 1944 and early 1945.
The author clarifies the truth such romantic claims that the Tuskegee Airmen sank a German destroyer and were the first U.S. military pilots to shoot down German jets, and about less dramatic beliefs, such as that all Tuskegee Airmen were fighter pilots: in reality, many airmen flew non-combat missions, and others were trained as support personnel. The book received praise for its thorough research and its documentation of key facts about the Tuskegee Airmen.
BIOCRIT
PERIODICALS
Publishers Weekly, November 6, 2017, review of The Tuskegee Airmen Chronology: A Detailed Timeline of the Red Tails and Other Black Pilots of World War II.
ONLINE
HistoryNet, http://www.historynet.com/ (March 25, 2018), review of The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History: 1939-1949.
Dr. Daniel Lee Haulman, Ph.D. is an Air Force historian, writer, and teacher. He has written many books, with the focus being on the Tuskegee Airmen. Currently he is the Chief of Organizational History Division at the Air Force Research Agency.
Contents
1 Education
2 Career
3 Publications
4 Personal life
5 References
6 External links
Education
Haulman earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Southwestern Louisiana, and his master's degree from the University of New Orleans.[1] After teaching social studies in high schools for some time, Haulman decided he wanted to teach at a more "collegiate" level. He attended Auburn University, and graduated in 1983 [2] with a doctorate in history.[3][4]
Career
While earning his Ph.D., Haulman began working for the Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base in the Air Force Historical Research Agency, located in Montgomery. He started off as a co-op, and after graduating, moved up in position to the research division. His main duty required him to keep track of the Air Force's aerial victory credits. Haulman chose to chronicle the entire history of the Tuskegee Airmen.[3]
Haulman has been employed at the Air Force Historical Agency since 1982, and currently holds the title of Chief of Organizational History Division at the Air Force Historical Research Agency.[4]
He is the author of 16 published articles, and has presented more than 20 historical papers at various historical conferences.[5] This includes the Society for Military History in Charleston, South Carolina and at the 2005 Alabama Historical Association Meeting.[2]
Haulman has written five books, all focused on the topic of aviation history.[6] He received the Milo B. Howard award from the Alabama Historical Association for his article: The Tuskegee Airmen and the 'Never lost a Bomber' Myth, which was published in the Alabama Review.[7] He specializes in the history of the Tuskegee Airmen.[3]
Haulman has taught at Huntingdon College, Auburn University Montgomery, and Faulkner University.
Publications
Tuskegee Airmen and the 'Never Lost a Bomber' Myth (2011) ISBN 9781603061056
The Tuskegee Airmen: An illustrated History, 1939-1949 (with Joseph Caver and Jerome Ennels) (2011) ISBN 9781588382443
Tuskegee Airmen Chronology (2012) ISBN 9781477549605
Eleven Myths About the Tuskegee Airmen (2012) ISBN 9781603061476
What Hollywood Got Right and Wrong about the Tuskegee Airmen in the Great New Movie, Red Tails (2012) ISBN 9781603061605
Tuskegee Airmen Questions and Answers for Students (2015) ISBN 9781603063814
Killing Yamamoto: The American Raid that Avenged Pearl Harbor (2015) ISBN 9781603063876
Air Force Aerial Victory Credits: WWI, WWII, and Vietnam
The United States and Air Force and Humanitarian Airlift Operations, 1947-1994
One Hundred Years of Flight: USAF Chronology of Significant Air and Space Events 1903-2002
Personal life
Haulman is married to Ellen Evans Haulman. She was on the staff for the Alabama Commission on Higher Education. They have one son named Evan, who attended Auburn University [2] and was a graduate student at Samford University.[1] Haulman resides in Montgomery, Alabama.[8]
by Philip Handleman
When I initially leafed through this picture book, a reproduction of a 1942 letter to the War Department by a graduate of the Civilian Pilot Training Program caught my eye. The writer had been directed to report to Maxwell Field, near Montgomery, Ala., to begin training in the Army Air Corps, but was denied entry because “Negroes were not trained there.” His letter ended with an impassioned plea “to correct this injustice.” A quarter of a century later, the man who wrote that letter provided my flight instruction through my first solo. How fitting that someone who struggled to unlock access to the sky went on to devote much of his life to helping others achieve the dream of flight.
The Tuskegee Airmen broke the color barrier during World War II by becoming the U.S. military’s first black pilots. Their story is powerfully told in this illustrated history, which incorporates fascinating archival images and historical documents. Beginning with coverage of prewar aviation pioneers, it concludes with the battle-tested black service members who effectively integrated the Air Force in July 1949.
Some of the approximately 270 images reproduced in the book reflect the graininess of the original photos. On the whole, however, the breadth of coverage, as well as the rarity of some of the images, make for an excellent visual record of the fliers and their ground support crews. An added bonus is a 50-page textual chronology that highlights important events in the history of these remarkable patriots.
The Tuskegee Airmen have been the subject of many books over the years and of the recent Hollywood film “Red Tails.” Their exploits are an integral part of the history of World War II and the struggle against racial discrimination in the United States. Their story is so popular in Mobile that Bernheim Hall at the Mobile Public Library on Government Street filled nearly to capacity a few years ago for a program about them. The rapt audience composed of nearly equal numbers of blacks and whites came to hear Col. Herbert E. Carter, who had served with the Airmen. One of his flight instructors, a white man, was in the audience (they hadn’t met for 50 years); a well-dressed black matron in attendance described how all the girls at Tuskegee were infatuated with the dashing young men in aviation training. It was a wonderful evening that reflected this area’s abiding connection to the Tuskegee Airmen. Several were from the area, and on display at the USS Alabama is a P-51 Mustang painted in the distinctive “red tail” livery the fighter pilots used to identify their planes in combat.
The story really began before World War II, with the efforts from the late 19th century forward that black Americans put forward to fly. To say their efforts were thwarted and ridiculed from every side is to state the obvious, but they did manage to fly, and their exploits, which are summarized in the first chapter of “The Tuskegee Airmen,” are simply fascinating.
The Tuskegee Airmen, An Illustrated History: 1939-1949
By Joseph Caver, Jerome Ennels and Daniel Haulman
NewSouth Books, $27.95
Reviewed by Michael Thomason
Correspondent
As World War II loomed, the United States set up a civilian pilots’ training program, and Tuskegee Institute quickly became a part. Eventually the Army Air Forces decided to train black pilots despite the trenchant objections of many senior officials, military and civilian, in Washington. The first class of military pilots graduated on March 7, 1942. When the program finished in 1946, it had trained 992 men to fly for the United States. They served in segregated units, initially with white commanding officers, as did every black man and woman in the services. However, the Tuskegee units led the way in demolishing any justification for segregation. After the war, the newly created U.S. Air Force was the first service to desegregate in 1947, even before President Truman outlawed discrimination in all branches of the military.
In “The Tuskegee Airmen,” authors Joseph Caver, Jerome Ennels and Daniel Haulman deal with the racial conflicts, but their focus is on what the men accomplished. Caver is a senior archivist at the Historical Research Agency at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Haulman is the chief of the organizational division of that agency, and Ennels is the director of Maxwell’s Office of History. Their book is a photographic history of these men.
All the pilots are named, but so many more men trained as support personnel, a total of nearly 15,000 individuals. Some were training as bomber pilots and crew when the war ended in August 1945. This is not only a story of a few dashing heroes, although they certainly look rather dashing in the many pictures in the book. Most were quite young and probably thought themselves to be invincible.
Part 2 of the book, “Overseas Deployment,” follows the men of the 99 Pursuit Squadron and the 332 Fighter Group day by day. This compelling section is written in the language and jargon of unit daily reports, with some additional information added. Enemy planes and Red Tails are shot down, some escorted bombers and reconnaissance planes are lost (it is a myth that no bomber was ever lost), and medals are awarded. Despite the language used, what emerges is the daily grind of service,
with little relief as long as the weather permitted flying. Eventually stationed in northern Italy, the pilots flew all over southern and southeastern Europe, with one raid
on Berlin. In 311 missions they shot down 112 German planes (including three Me-262 jet aircraft which were much faster than their P-51s) and destroyed many more planes on the ground.
The authors argue that the Tuskegee pilots were not so much better than others, but they were just as good, despite having to overcome greater obstacles to get where they were. Their 112 aerial victories and 96 Distinguished Flying Crosses are testimony to that fact. So, sadly, are their combat losses of over 60 men. This book helps to bring out the human side of these men, whether pilot or ground crew. They did their jobs and earned the respect of other units in the Mediterranean Theater, American and British.
When it was all over, they came home, and like most service men and women, returned to civilian life. A few stayed in the Air Force, but after 1949 the last Tuskegee unit was disbanded and its men assigned to integrated units. Whether as military men or civilians, the Tuskegee Airmen would eventually help defeat segregation as they had fought to defeat Hitler. They were American heroes, and so they will always remain. Get to know them in the pages of this book. You will never forget what you learn.
For more on the Tuskegee Airmen, see Daniel Haulman’s “Eleven Myths About the Tuskegee Airmen,” also from NewSouth Books, available in e-book and paperback forms.
Michael Thomason is a University of South Alabama professor emeritus in history.