Project and content management for Contemporary Authors volumes
WORK TITLE: Keep on Keeping On
WORK NOTES:
PSEUDONYM(S):
BIRTHDATE:
WEBSITE:
CITY: Richmond
STATE:
COUNTRY:
NATIONALITY:
https://history.vcu.edu/people/daugherity.html * https://www.linkedin.com/in/brian-daugherity-a5559578/
RESEARCHER NOTES:
PERSONAL
Male.
EDUCATION:College of William and Mary, Ph.D.
ADDRESS
CAREER
Writer, historian, and educator. Virginia Commonwealth University, assistant professor of history. Presenter at academic conferences and meetings.
AWARDS:Recipient of grants from sources that include the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, the Virginia Historical Society, Duke University, and the College of William & Mary.
WRITINGS
SIDELIGHTS
An assistant professor of history at Virginia Commonwealth University, Brian Daugherity specializes in the history of the implementation of the historical Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education. This 1954 decision ruled that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional and, in many ways, helped set the stage for the U.S. civil rights movement. Daugherity’s research also covers the subject of civil rights and general and race relations in the American South. The courses he teaches include the history of Virginia, the history of the civil rights movement, and the history of the United States since 1865, noted a writer on the Virginia Commonwealth University website. Daugherity holds a Ph.D. in American history from the College of William and Mary.
In Keep On Keeping On: The NAACP and the Implementation of Brown v. Board of Education in Virginia, Daugherity provides an in-depth study of how the historic Brown decision was put into practice throughout the state of Virginia and how the NAACP influenced, and sometimes forced, the decision’s implementation. “The book’s noteworthy contribution to the Brown canon is its detailed single-state analysis of the inner workings of the multilevel NAACP as it strategized an all-out attack on school segregation,” commented Journal of Southern History contributor Tondra L. Loder-Jackson. The author describes both victories and defeats suffered by the NAACP and the difficulties that accompanied the civil rights litigation that was frequently required. He includes multiple stories about and quotations from significant legal practitioners of the time, such as Thurgood Marshall. In total, Loder-Jackson noted, Daugherity’s book “offers a convincing testament to Brown’s inexhaustible scope and import.”
Daugherity served as editor, with Charles C. Bolton, of With All Deliberate Speed: Implementing Brown v. Board of Education. This “volume of thorough and excellent essays . . . is especially valuable” in showing the day-to-day details of how the law was implemented in selected U.S. states and how it affected both education and society at large, noted Mark I. Whitman, writing in the Journal of Southern History. “The essays get down on the ground, as it were, and probe the political maneuverings, turmoil, and individual sacrifices involved in making the noble words of Chief Justice Earl Warren a reality,” Whitman further stated. The essays, in total, cover events in seven former confederate states (Georgia, Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Florida, Arkansas, and Mississippi), plus Missouri, Delaware, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Nevada. The authors of the essays cover topics related to the large-scale and often violent resistance to desegregation, the only state (Missouri) that complied immediately with the ruling, and political and social effects of the landmark decision. The “greatest strength of the volume is that the contributors focus on the unique aspects of each southern state’s struggle with a future those states collectively resisted,” Whitman remarked.
BIOCRIT
PERIODICALS
Journal of Southern History, February, 2010, Mark I. Whitman, review of With All Deliberate Speed: Implementing Brown v. Board of Education, p. 204; August, 2017, Tondra L. Loder-Jackson, review of Keep On Keeping On: The NAACP and the Implementation of Brown v. Board of Education in Virginia, p. 743.
Reference & Research Book News, November, 2008. review of With All Deliberate Speed.
ONLINE
Brian J. Daugherity LinkedIn Page, https://www.linkedin.com/ (January 8, 2018).
Virginia Commonwealth University Department of History Website, http://history.vcu.edu/ (January 8, 2018), author faculty profile.
Brian Daugherity
3rd degree connection3rd
Assistant Professor, History at Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Commonwealth University The College of William and Mary
Richmond, Virginia 463 463 connections
Send InMail Send an InMail to Brian Daugherity
Experience
Virginia Commonwealth University
Assistant Professor, History
Company NameVirginia Commonwealth University
Education
The College of William and Mary
The College of William and Mary
Degree NameDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Field Of StudyAmerican History (United States)
Featured Skills & Endorsements
Higher Education See 22 endorsements for Higher Education22
Endorsed by 4 of Brian’s colleagues at Virginia Commonwealth University
Teaching See 20 endorsements for Teaching20
Endorsed by John Lemza and 1 other who is highly skilled at this
Endorsed by 6 of Brian’s colleagues at Virginia Commonwealth University
University Teaching See 15 endorsements for University Teaching15
Endorsed by 3 of Brian’s colleagues at Virginia Commonwealth University
See 14 more skills
Recommendations
Received (0)
Given (1)
Cydni Gordon
Cydni Gordon
Recent grad, looking for research in psychology opportunities.
July 24, 2015, Brian was Cydni’s teacher
Cydni is a great student who works hard and is well-organized and committed to success in school, and in general. I am happy to speak with potential employers in more detail about her qualifications.
Accomplishments
Brian has 4 publications4
Expand publications section
Publications
Keep On Keeping On: The NAACP and the Implementation of Brown v. Board of Education in Virginia Farmville Protests of 1963 With All Deliberate Speed: Implementing Brown v. Board of Education Recovering a "Lost" Story Using Oral History: The United States Supreme Court's Historic Green v. New Kent County, Virginia, Decision
Brian has 2 projects2
Expand projects section
Projects
Co-director, Desegregation of Virginia Education (DOVE) Project "Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963"
Brian Daugherity, PhD
Associate Professor, twentieth-century United States
bjdaugherity@vcu.edu
(804) 828-4498
Brian Daugherity's research focuses on the implementation of the Supreme Court’s 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision in Virginia. In addition to the history of school desegregation, he is also interested in the civil rights movement more broadly, as well as southern race relations. He teaches courses on the History of Virginia, the History of the Civil Rights Movement, and the History of the U.S. since 1865. Professor Daugherity also has taught a number of traveling courses, including a class on the civil rights movement in the South, and another on the history of Virginia via a month-long boating trip down the James River. He has given papers at numerous conferences over the years, including those sponsored by the Association for the Study of African American Life and History, History of Education Society, Oral History Association, Southern Historical Association, and the Virginia Forum. He has received grants to fund his research and related projects from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, the Virginia Historical Society, Duke University, and the College of William & Mary, among others. In 2008, Prof. Daugherity published a co-edited collection of essays examining school desegregation in various states around the nation, entitled With All Deliberate Speed: Implementing Brown v. Board of Education (University of Arkansas Press). In 2016, Prof. Daugherity published Keep On Keeping On: The NAACP and the Implementation of Brown v. Board of Education in Virginia (University of Virginia Press). He is currently working on another book manuscript related to school desegregation in Virginia, and co-producing a 60-minute documentary film on the U.S. Supreme Court decision Green v. New Kent County (1968).
Keep On Keeping On: The NAACP and the
Implementation of Brown v. Board of
Education in Virginia
Tondra L. Loder-Jackson
Journal of Southern History.
83.3 (Aug. 2017): p743+.
COPYRIGHT 2017 Southern Historical Association
http://www.uga.edu/~sha
Full Text:
Keep On Keeping On: The NAACP and the Implementation of Brown v. Board of Education in Virginia.
By Brian J. Daugherity. Carter G. Woodson Institute Series. (Charlottesville and London: University of
Virginia Press, 2016. Pp. xiv, 232. $45.00, ISBN 978-0-8139-3889-9.)
The legacy of the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Supreme Court case continues to be commemorated
and contested in academic and layman circles alike. The voluminous archives, publications, and multimedia
chronicling Brown make a persuasive case for its scholarly saturation, particularly in the fields of legal
history and the history of education. However, Brian J. Daugherity's account of Brown's implementation in
Virginia, painstakingly led by the state branch of the NAACP, offers a convincing testament to Brown's
inexhaustible scope and import. Many publications foreground the NAACP's national impact on civil rights,
but very few studies interrogate the organization's labyrinthine associations both inside (with its state and
local branches) and outside (with state public schools, state and national political bodies, and fellow civil
rights organizations) in a single volume. This is the ambitious aim of Keep On Keeping On: The NAACP
and the Implementation of Brown v. Board of Education in Virginia, and Daugherity delivers meticulously.
Grounded in a decade of research culled from state and national archives (most notably the Papers of the
NAACP and the Papers of Thurgood Marshall), newspapers, periodicals, court cases, published sources,
and interviews, the book virtually spans the twentieth century, following the NAACP's contributions to civil
rights and education through the 1970s. Daugherity uses Davis v. County School Board, Prince Edward
County, Virginia (1952), one of the five component cases in Brown, as a through line of sorts, and the
book's cover photograph of black female student protesters in Prince Edward County circa 1963 further
makes the case for Virginia's overshadowed significance as an indispensable site for advancing school
desegregation. By introducing white Virginia officials' half-decade closure of Prince Edward County
schools to circumvent desegregation, Daugherity aptly sets the stage for the battles that ensued between the
long-suffering Virginia State Conference of the NAACP and the formidable foe of massive white resistance.
The book's noteworthy contribution to the Brown canon is its detailed single-state analysis of the inner
workings of the multilevel NAACP as it strategized an all-out attack on school segregation. Daugherity
carefully guides readers through the arduous enterprise of civil rights litigation, emphasizing the NAACP's
numerous setbacks and intermittent victories. His analysis is most engaging when he interjects anecdotes
and quotations from both familiar legal figures of the Brown pantheon, such as Thurgood Marshall and
12/24/2017 General OneFile - Saved Articles
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/marklist.do?actionCmd=GET_MARK_LIST&userGroupName=schlager&inPS=true&prodId=ITOF&ts=1514145106109 2/5
Oliver W. Hill, and less familiar local figures such as Spottswood W. Robinson III, S. W. Tucker, and Henry
L. Marsh III. Daugherity presents a nuanced analysis of white Virginians' reactions to Brown, sorting them
into categories of massive resisters, moderates, and liberals and contextualizing them within Virginia's
diverse geopolitical terrain. However, his treatment of the black community's response to Brown is not as
multifaceted: Daugherity gives the general impression of broad support for the NAACP's aims, until
African American children were confronted with hostility and violence in all-white schools, and black
educators were fired and demoted wholesale. On the contrary, some historians of education have
documented far more pre-Brown foreboding among the black community.
In a similar vein, Daugherity does not directly enter the fray of post-Brown scholarly debates about the
merits and shortcomings of the NAACP's unswerving integration agenda. The afterword addresses the
benefits of integration in light of pervasive separate-and-unequal schooling in Virginia, and the tenor of the
book certainly suggests that the NAACP pursued the right course of action. A compelling addendum to the
book's analysis would be to interrogate black Virginians' perspectives on Brown more critically, particularly
Virginia Teachers Association members, who suffered an incalculable loss. Daugherity modestly
acknowledges that he has not set out to publish the definitive work on Virginia's civil rights movement, but
he has certainly laid a solid foundation on which to build.
Tondra L. Loder-Jackson
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Source Citation (MLA 8th
Edition)
Loder-Jackson, Tondra L. "Keep On Keeping On: The NAACP and the Implementation of Brown v. Board
of Education in Virginia." Journal of Southern History, vol. 83, no. 3, 2017, p. 743+. General OneFile,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A501078184/ITOF?u=schlager&sid=ITOF&xid=429eb18b.
Accessed 24 Dec. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A501078184
12/24/2017 General OneFile - Saved Articles
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/marklist.do?actionCmd=GET_MARK_LIST&userGroupName=schlager&inPS=true&prodId=ITOF&ts=1514145106109 3/5
With All Deliberate Speed: Implementing
Brown v. Board of Education
Mark I. Whitman
Journal of Southern History.
76.1 (Feb. 2010): p204+.
COPYRIGHT 2010 Southern Historical Association
http://www.uga.edu/~sha
Full Text:
With All Deliberate Speed: Implementing Brown v. Board of Education. Edited by Brian J. Daugherity and
Charles C. Bolton. (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2008. Pp. xvi, 339. Paper, $27.50, ISBN
978-1-55728-869-1; cloth, $64.95, ISBN 978-1-55728-868-4.)
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) may well be the greatest and most morally inspiring decision issued by
the U.S. Supreme Court in its history. But it is also a decision wherein, preeminently, the devil lies in the
details--in the story of how Brown was implemented and of how the decision shaped both education and
society in states where schools had formerly been segregated by law. Therefore, this volume of thorough
and excellent essays, edited by Brian J. Daugherity and Charles C. Bolton, is especially valuable. The
essays get down on the ground, as it were, and probe the political maneuverings, turmoil, and individual
sacrifices involved in making the noble words of Chief Justice Earl Warren a reality.
The volume recounts the travails of desegregation in seven former Confederate states (excepting Alabama,
Louisiana, Tennessee, and Texas). It also deals with the border states of Missouri and Delaware; with
Indiana, which had not totally abolished state-mandated segregation by 1954; and with the city of
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and the state of Nevada, places that, from 1954 on, coped with de facto segregation.
Unfortunately, no book review can do justice to each of these fine essays.
In broad outline the stories of the southern states are similar: token desegregation at best in the 1950s and
early 1960s, combined with outright defiance; then stepped-up compliance after the Civil Rights Act of
1964 and the increasingly demanding desegregation guidelines issued by the Health, Education, and
Welfare Department in 1965 and 1966; then massive integration, often achieved by cross-district busing,
mandated by the Supreme Court in Green v. County School Board of New Kent County (1968) and above
all in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971). Only the border state of Missouri, as
Peter William Moran points out in his incisive essay, went from immediate compliance with Brown--via
"neighborhood schools concepts" and the resulting "limited integration in the elementary schools"--to the
massive plans for urban school improvement and city-suburban collaboration ordered for Kansas City and
St. Louis in the late 1970s and early 1980s (p. 184).
Yet the greatest strength of the volume is that the contributors focus on the unique aspects of each southern
state's struggle with a future those states collectively resisted. Thus Vernon Burton and Lewie Reece's
illuminating essay on South Carolina traces the political fallout from the desegregation wars. At first, the
authors note, the national Democratic Party's support of civil rights did little to bring African Americans and
white Democrats together: "[T]he local party leadership remained as imperious as ever toward the place of
African Americans in South Carolina" (p. 80). But as whites moved steadily into the Republican Party
during the administrations of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, Senator Olin Johnston moderated
his racial rhetoric and forged an alliance with black leader John McCray, who as early as 1944 had formed a
"semi-independent" group of Democrats known as the Progressive Democratic Party (p. 65).
12/24/2017 General OneFile - Saved Articles
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/marklist.do?actionCmd=GET_MARK_LIST&userGroupName=schlager&inPS=true&prodId=ITOF&ts=1514145106109 4/5
Florida's desegregation experience, as Caroline Emmons notes, was deeply influenced by its demographic
diversity--the "influx of educated, northern whites who rejected the white supremacy of the traditional
South"--and by its ambitions for economic growth (p. 141). Yet Florida politicians had to cope with hostile
majority sentiment toward Brown. Hence governors such as LeRoy Collins and C. Farris Bryant urged
moderation but did very little to promote desegregation. In 1957 an NAACP official said that "Collins was
trying to show 'Florida's fitness to accommodate northern industrial giants ... Still, his position [was] to
maintain segregation for as long as he can'" (p. 143). Even Claude R. Kirk Jr., the conservative Republican
governor elected in 1966, refused to participate in a meeting of southern governors organized by Lester G.
Maddox and George C. Wallace to devise new plans to defy desegregation. Finally, buttressed by the Green
and Swann decisions, Governor Reuben Askew, elected in 1970, actively promoted desegregation because it
was "the law of the land and in the best interests of Florida's future" (p. 153).
Arkansas's experience was almost the opposite, as Johanna Miller Lewis demonstrates. School authorities in
some rural counties began to integrate immediately after Brown, and in line with Brown v. Board of
Education (1955) (Brown II), the school district of Hoxie, Arkansas, initiated a desegregation plan that it
ultimately sustained against vehement racist pressures. But then came the antics of Governor Orval E.
Faubus, and between 1959 and 1963 very few Arkansas school districts attempted desegregation. In 1966
only 5.5 percent of the state's African American students attended integrated schools, as compared with 16
percent in the South as a whole.
These thoughtful essays make clear that the end of the story has sobering parallels with its beginning. The
lifting of desegregation orders by the courts, the growth of private academies, and most important, the racial
divide between city and suburb sanctioned by the Supreme Court in Milliken v. Bradley (1974) created the
situation today where the South, "like the rest of the country, ... [is] less segregated than in 1954 but more
segregated than in 1980" (p. 153). As Burton and Reece conclude, "State-sanctioned segregation may have
ended, but segregated education remained, and remains, the normal experience for most African American
students in South Carolina" (p. 89). Similarly, "many Arkansas school districts continue to struggle with
problems of declining enrollments and racial resegregation due to 'white flight'" (p. 18).
By the early 1970s, African American leaders had dropped their effort to attain widespread schooling with
whites via extensive busing in Atlanta, where the student population had gone from 70 percent white in
1958 to 80 percent black in 1973. Instead, they opted for the chance to run the Atlanta system--"minimum
integration in exchange for maximum control of administrative positions," as Thomas V. O'Brien points out
in his fine essay (p. 120). Said Benjamin E. Mays, "'Massive busing ... would be counter productive. We'd
end up with no whites to bus'" (p. 119). By the late 1980s, Atlanta possessed "one of the eleven most
segregated urban systems in the nation" (p. 121).
MARK I. WHITMAN
Towson University
Whitman, Mark I.
Source Citation (MLA 8th
Edition)
Whitman, Mark I. "With All Deliberate Speed: Implementing Brown v. Board of Education." Journal of
Southern History, vol. 76, no. 1, 2010, p. 204+. General OneFile,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A218657030/ITOF?u=schlager&sid=ITOF&xid=9d8803d7.
Accessed 24 Dec. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A218657030
12/24/2017 General OneFile - Saved Articles
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/marklist.do?actionCmd=GET_MARK_LIST&userGroupName=schlager&inPS=true&prodId=ITOF&ts=1514145106109 5/5
With all deliberate speed; implementing
Brown v. Board of Education
Reference & Research Book News.
23.4 (Nov. 2008):
COPYRIGHT 2008 Ringgold, Inc.
http://www.ringgold.com/
Full Text:
9781557288684
With all deliberate speed; implementing Brown v. Board of Education.
Ed. by Brian J. Daugherity and Charles C. Bolton.
U. of Arkansas Pr.
2008
339 pages
$64.95
Paperback
KF4155
The 1954 US Supreme Court decision declared racially segregated schools unconstitutional, and sparked
two and sometimes three decades of civil rights struggle and often violent resistance. Here scholars of
history and education detail how the law was implemented in selected state school systems. The case
studies include the cost of opportunity in North Carolina, the last holdout in Mississippi, borderland
complexity in Indiana, and magnet schools in Wisconsin.
([c]20082005 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR)
Source Citation (MLA 8th
Edition)
"With all deliberate speed; implementing Brown v. Board of Education." Reference & Research Book News,
Nov. 2008. General OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A188355491/ITOF?
u=schlager&sid=ITOF&xid=7bd8e3ea. Accessed 24 Dec. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A188355491