Contemporary Authors

• Toward Restoration: The Growth of Political Consciousness in Tokugawa Japan University of California Press (Berkeley, CA), 1970
• Things Seen and Unseen: Discourse and Ideology in Tokugawa Nativism University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 1988
• History's Disquiet: Modernity, Cultural Practice, and the Question of Everyday Life Columbia University Press (New York, NY), 2000
• The Empire's New Clothes: Paradigm Lost, and Regained Prickly Paradigm Press (Chicago, IL), 2004
• Japan after Japan: Social and Cultural Life from the Recessionary 1990s to the Present ( As editor, with Tomiko Yoda) Duke University Press (Durham, NC), 2007
• Marx after Marx: History and Time in the Expansion of Capitalism Columbia University Press (New York, NY), 2015

1. Marx after Marx : history and time in the expansion of capitalism https://lccn.loc.gov/2015008490 Harootunian, Harry D., 1929- Marx after Marx : history and time in the expansion of capitalism / Harry Harootunian. New York : Columbia University Press, [2015] xii, 292 pages ; 24 cm HX39.5 .H276 2015 ISBN: 9780231174800 (cloth : alk. paper) 2. The empire's new clothes : paradigm lost, and regained https://lccn.loc.gov/2004112108 Harootunian, Harry D., 1929- The empire's new clothes : paradigm lost, and regained / Harry Harootunian. Chicago : Prickly Paradigm Press, c2004. 123 p. ; 18 cm. HM831 .H284 2004 ISBN: 0972819673 (pbk. edition : alk. paper) 3. History's disquiet : modernity, cultural practice, and the question of everyday life https://lccn.loc.gov/99056305 Harootunian, Harry D., 1929- History's disquiet : modernity, cultural practice, and the question of everyday life / Harry Harootunian. New York : Columbia University Press, c2000. 182 p. ; 24 cm. CB427 .H28 2000 ISBN: 0231117949 (cloth : alk. paper) 4. Things seen and unseen : discourse and ideology in Tokugawa nativism https://lccn.loc.gov/87019069 Harootunian, Harry D., 1929- Things seen and unseen : discourse and ideology in Tokugawa nativism / H.D. Harootunian. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1988. xii, 494 p. ; 24 cm. DS822.2 .H313 1988 ISBN: 0226317064 :0226317072 (pbk.) : 5. Toward restoration; the growth of political consciousness in Tokugawa Japan https://lccn.loc.gov/79094993 Harootunian, Harry D., 1929- Toward restoration; the growth of political consciousness in Tokugawa Japan [by] H. D. Harootunian. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1970. xviii, 421 p. 24 cm. DS881.3 .H28 1970 ISBN: 0520015665

• Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Harootunian

  Harry Harootunian
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  Harry D. Harootunian (born 1929) is an American historian of early modern and modern Japan with an interest in historical theory. He is Professor Emeritus of East Asian Studies, New York University, and Max Palevsky Professor of History and Civilizations, Emeritus, University of Chicago.

  Harootunian edited volumes on 20th century politics in Japan, but is best known for a series of wide-ranging monographs on the development of Japanese social and intellectual thought from late Tokugawa period through the middle of the 20th century.

  Contents [hide]
  1 Career
  2 Scholarship on Japanese intellectual history
  3 Cultural studies, critical theory, and critique of Area Studies
  4 Selected publications
  5 Notes
  6 References
  7 External links
  Career[edit]
  Harootunian took his Ph.D. in History in 1958 from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he studied under John Whitney Hall, after earning a master's degree there in Far Eastern Studies in 1953. He is a 1951 graduate of Wayne State University. He has taught at University of Rochester, University of Chicago, University of California, Santa Cruz, where he was Dean of Humanities, and New York University.

  He was Editor, Journal of Asian Studies, Coeditor, Critical Inquiry, and with Rey Chow and Masao Miyoshi, co-edited the Asia-Pacific series for Duke University Press.

  Scholarship on Japanese intellectual history[edit]
  Harootunian's first monograph, Toward Restoration; the Growth of Political Consciousness in Tokugawa Japan (1970), deals with the period when a stable feudal Japan began to show tensions, leading up to the opening of the country in the 1850s and the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Kenneth Pyle, reviewing the book in the American Historical Review, wrote that many historians saw the Meiji Restoration not as a revolution but as a change carried out in the name of tradition by men who did not foresee its social ramifications. Harutoonian, said Pyle, “has little patience with this view.” The book attacked the “inordinate effort to minimize the revolutionary dimensions of the Meiji Restoration and argued instead that the activists were “no less eager to repudiate history than French revolutionaries in 1789. The values they espoused were traditional in name only.” Only the vocabulary was traditional. Pyle adds that “this is not an easy book” but the approach to intellectual history is “nonetheless intelligent and imaginative.” [1]

  Things Seen and Unseen: Discourse and Ideology in Tokugawa Nativism (1988) focuses on Kokugaku, which Harootunian translates as "nativist," a loosely related group that resisted Sinocentric, or Chinese, traditions and developed new frameworks which emphasized home-grown thought. Their ideas were then used by groups, especially agrarian elites, outside the capital and major cities to assert their legitimacy on the basis of Japanese traditions. The thinkers included such men as Kamo Mabuchi (1697-1769), Motoori Norinaga (1730-1801), and their successors, such as Hirata Atsutane (1776-1843). Samuel H. Yamashita, writing in the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, said “without a doubt" this is "an extraordinary book... offering nothing less than a reinterpretation of the kokugaku movement, one that diverges in content and form from the existing scholarship, both Western and Japanese.” Yamashita saw echoes of Michel Foucault in Harootunian's drive to uncover the rules, rituals, and education that determine what is right and what is wrong and what it is possible to think. He also saw the influence of Hayden White in Harootunian's attention to language and formal structure, Harootunian, wrote Yamashita, wants to show how kokugaku scholars resisted and contested the prevailing "official culture and ideology." The last chapters of the book show that this kokugaku thought was misappropriated by political figures in the early 20th century for chauvinistic purposes. Yamashita added that this “is not, by conventional standards, a very readable book, but the puzzling and occasionally obtuse prose was partly intended" and that "readers unfamiliar with the issues being discussed and the theoretical material invoked will miss the main points of the book.” [2]

  Overcome by Modernity (2000) deals with the artists, critics, philosophers, poets, and social scientists of the 1920s and 1930s, a period when Japan had entered into the “heroic phase of capitalism.” They were caught in the dilemma of explaining why Japan had to overcome “modernity” while explaining why it could not. Jeffrey Hanes of the University of Oregon, wrote in the American Historical Review, that “this is a formidable book” that is a “challenging sometimes maddening read, but one that rewards us with a terrifically insightful and poignant evocation of Japan’s attempts to come to grips with the modern world into which it was thrust and into which it then threw itself.” [3]

  Cultural studies, critical theory, and critique of Area Studies[edit]
  Harootunian was a proponent of the movement to adapt and apply critical theory in a way that would put Japan in the same frame of analysis as other capitalist countries rather than making it exotic. John Lie, a University of California, Berkeley sociologist, reviewed the use of cultural studies in the Japan field and saw Harutoonian and his University of Chicago colleague Tetsuo Najita as pioneers whose impact spread from Chicago through their example and the graduate students they trained. Lie referred to the two collectively as "Najitunian" [4] The University of Hawaii historian Patricia G. Steinhoff talked of the "paradigm shift" in the 1980s in which the field of Japanese studies learned to "speak Najitunian." [5]

  Both Lie and Steinhoff showed caution. Lie in particular objected to the influence of Edward Said's Orientalism and used the "University of Chicago School" as an example. Lie's objection was that this approach put all Asian countries into one category, did not give enough weight to historical change, and did not place enough emphasis on class differences.[6] In reply to a review by Ian Buruma, however, Harutoonian stated "I am not now nor have I ever been either a 'deconstructionist' or for that matter a Maoist." [7]

  Harootunian deplored the overuse of modernization theory in the development of the field, especially the involvement and distorting influence of government agencies and private foundations such as the Rockefeller Foundation and the Ford Foundation. The volume Harutoonian edited with Masao Miyoshi in 2002, Learning Places: The Afterlives of Area Studies is a collection of essays that critically examine the rise of Area Studies during the Cold War, then analyze the late 20th century, post-Cold War "need of foreign governments, mostly outside Euro-America, to pay American universities and colleges to teach courses on their histories and societies." The Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese governments especially felt this need. The editors argue that Area Studies movement was based on the wartime need to study the enemy, but "fifty years after the war's end, American scholars are still organizing knowledge as if confronted by an implacable enemy and thus driven by the desire to either destroy it or marry it." Universities seek to maintain this structure by soliciting these foreign donations. The Association for Asian Studies, continue Harutoonian and Miyoshi, therefore missed the opportunity to make the study of Asia into a part of the general learning of the world rather than closing off the study of individual nations. Areas Studies also suffers from accepting the traditional disciplines. The newer cultural studies, on the other hand, rise above national borders or dissolve disciplinary boundaries. [8]

  In Marx after Marx: History and Time in the Expansion of Capitalism (2015) Harootunian argues that "Western Marxism" should not be allowed to offer a purely European explanation of capitalism, since Marx himself offered a "deprovincialized" analysis rooted in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.[9]

• NYU - http://eas.as.nyu.edu/object/harry_harootunian.html

  Harry Harootunian

  Professor Emeritus of East Asian Studies Ph.D. 1958 (History), Michigan
  M.A. 1953 (Far Eastern Studies), Michigan
  B.A. 1951, Wayne State
  Email: hh3@nyu.edu
  Areas of Research/Interest:
  Early modern and modern Japanese history; historical theory.

  External Affiliations:
  Association for Asian Studies

  Fellowships/Honors:
  Slated to deliver Wellek Lectures in Critical Theory, University of California, Irvine, 1997; former Max Palevsky Professor of History and Civilizations, University of Chicago; former Dean of Humanities, University of California, Santa Cruz; former Editor, Journal for Asian Studies; former Coeditor, Critical Inquiry.

Harootunian, Harry D.: Marx after Marx: history and time in
the expansion of capitalism
R. Hudelson
CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries.
53.8 (Apr. 2016): p1200.
COPYRIGHT 2016 American Library Association CHOICE
http://www.ala.org/acrl/choice/about
Full Text: 
Harootunian, Harry D. Marx after Marx: history and time in the expansion of capitalism. Columbia, 2015. 293p index afp ISBN 9780231174800
cloth, $35.00; ISBN 9780231540131 ebook, $34.99
53-3550
HX39
2015-8490 CIP
One of the ideas of the Marxism of the Second International was the idea of a series of stages--ancient slavery, feudalism, capitalism, socialism--
following one another in a necessary, linear order. "Western Marxism" emerged in Europe in the wake of the Great War. While it focused on
cultural and psychological barriers to the formation of revolutionary class consciousness, it retained a sense of Europe as the geographical center
of advanced capitalism, and took its work as universal in scope, applying as well to the future of the "less developed" capitalism of other parts of
the world. Harootunian (emer., history, Univ. of Chicago) challenges this presumption. He deplores the provincialism of Western Marxism and its
neglect of work by theorists focused on Asia, Africa, and Latin America. He argues that the work of these theorists helps scholars see that real
history, even the history of capitalism, escapes "stagism." At the same time, he is critical of forms of post-colonialism that fail to see how
surviving precolonial practices have been transformed by their "formal subsumption" within a capitalist order. Harootunian concludes with a
quote from Ernst Block on the liberating power of looking beyond the West. Summing Up: ** Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and
above.--R. Hudebon, University of Wisconsin--Superior
3/14/2017 General OneFile - Saved Articles
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Hudelson, R.
Source Citation   (MLA 8th
Edition)
Hudelson, R. "Harootunian, Harry D.: Marx after Marx: history and time in the expansion of capitalism." CHOICE: Current Reviews for
Academic Libraries, Apr. 2016, p. 1200. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?
p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA449661681&it=r&asid=1393edafaa1b4801f9d4bdaf221091e8. Accessed 14 Mar.
2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A449661681

Cunningham, Eric1
Source:
Canadian Journal of History, Winter 2007, Eric Cunningham, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p578-579. 2p.

REVIEWS: Asia and the Pacific/L'Asie et le Pacifique
Japan After Japan: Social and Cultural Life from the Recessionary
1990s to the Present,
edited by Tomiko Yoda and Harry Harootunian.
Asia-Pacific series. Durham, North Carolina, Duke — University
Press, 2006. 447 pp. $49.95 US (cloth) $25.95 US (paper). 59
Like its series companions Postmodernism and Japan and Japan and the World, this recent publication from Duke University Press should become an indispensable part of any Japan studies library. Showcasing the work of many of the field's most distinguished scholars, including Harry Harootunian, Masao Miyoshi, J. Victor Koschmann, and Marilyn Ivy, Japan After Japan is an insightful and provocative collection of interdisciplinary critical essays that explore Japan's "social and cultural life from the recessionary 1990s to the present."
While the majority of the essays in this book have been in print for a number of years, the collection has been updated by Duke University Press to include four new articles dealing with "Pokémon capitalism" (Anne Allison), the otaku movement (Thomas LaMarre), the Aichi World Expo (Yoshimi Shunya), and post-New-Left alienation in Japan (Sabu Kohso).
For the most part, Japan After Japan advances the postwar academic critical project into the "post-postwar" era by demonstrating the continuity between present-day crises in Japanese political and social life and the larger historical issues concerned with Japanese modernization. Many of the contributors show that such ills as the expansion of global capitalism, academic corporatization, consumerism, and youth alienation (to give only a sampling) stem not only from the problematic alliance between American power and conservative Japanese politics since 1945, but also from the larger, "incomplete project" of Japanese modernization since the Meiji Era. While most of the authors effectively identify and critique the persistent contradictions and shortcomings of modern historical development, one gets the sense that the critical calculus is a bit over-simple, especially in view of world crises since 2000, and their highly visible repercussions in Japanese social and cultural life.
Because the articles were written well before the turn of the millennium, their arguments suffer from a lack of freshness, if not relevance. Such "novel" cultural phenomena as Pokémon, otaku, and "freeters" have attained maturity, if not obsolescence, since these essays were conceived, and the corporatization of the university has become so complete that "intervention" is hardly an option. There is of course, no real analysis of 9/11, North Korea, or Japan's recent conservative administrations, and not even much analysis of the great problems of the 1990s, in particular the Aum "sarinization," the Kobe earthquake, and the 1997 financial crisis. Co-editor Harootunian tells us that the object of Japan After Japan is "to examine how the recessionary, post-Cold War decade figures in the ongoing production of knowledge on Japan and its relation to the world" (p. 6). A generous evaluation would concede that the deep structural problems of Cold War global politics have yet to be resolved in the new millennium, and the contributors make this case quite eloquently. A less generous evaluation would say that these articles have nothing particularly new to say, and one wonders why Duke University Press would seek to market a collection of out-of-date articles as a cutting-edge volume of cultural studies.
In the final analysis, the book is interesting and worth reading, but one would hope that the editors of Duke's Asia Pacific Series will renew their efforts to bring forth a truly up-to-date, relevant, and critically savvy new collection of essays. The Japan field needs writing that seriously evaluates the long-term effects of the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the global war on terror, the explosive growth of Chinese economic and diplomatic power, and the values and beliefs of a generation of Japanese citizens who have been raised and acculturated in a radically global and authentically postmodern world. This volume, as fine as it is, falls short of delivering on these demands.

Laurel, R. Kwan1
Source:
Journal of Contemporary Asia. Nov2008, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p662-664. 3p.

Japan After Japan. Social and Cultural Life From tbe Recessionary 1990s to tbe Present Tomiko Yoda and Harry Harootunian (eds) (Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2006)
139
The collection Japan After Japan, is a book that shows us contemporary Japan, through the lens of hindsight, after the recession of the 1990s had burst the simplified self-image of the country brought about by the economic bubble of the 1980s. Under the veneer of life-time employment, happy nuclear families and rigid academic standards, we are shown a deeply troubled society that wants to hold on to the belief of the supposed redemptive power of Japan as the world's economic powerhouse in the age of triumphant global capitalism. The weakness of ambitious collections like this that attempt to tackle multiple current issues with multiple perspectives is evident very early: the unevenness of the quahty of the articles, as the scope is very large. The main thesis all throughout the book is simple: Japan, contrary to the image of the 1980s, is a deeply troubled and complex entity. The papers, however, that tackle subjects like the public reaction to a murder of a child committed by a child (1997), or the analysis of the fusion of capital and the recent Aichi Expo event (2005), are journalistic, or largely descriptive, precisely because, as noted by the editor, Tomiko Yoda, the events analysed are "so close to the time of writing and (are) still in the process of unfolding (that they) cannot help but be tentative and speculative." There are, however, three subjects tackled in the book that will be of interest to anyone wanting to understand Japan and global capitalism: Japanese nationalism and the Second World War, gender and the economy, and capitalism and game fetishes. We read about a Japan deeply ambivalent about its role in the destruction of its Asian neighbours in World War 11. It is interesting to read how various factions of Japanese society try to rationalize, understand and cope with the demands of its neighbours and victims, and of historians, to make an honest accounting and apology for the atrocities committed during World War II. Harry Harootunian in his essay "Japan's Long Postwar: The Trick of Memory and the Ruse of History," notes: What I mean is that remembering the postwar in the 1990s worked to recall not the experience of a time when others, notably the Americans, prevented Japanese from actually forgetting their continuing status as a defeated nation. Book Reviews 663 Hence Japan was destined to live in the space rather than the time of a defeated nation, oppressed by an alien force, groaning in the shadows of an imposed colonialism that had thrown the country and its people outside history. The consequence of this cultural strategy has been to reinforce the fetishization of an experience, and the forms of representing it, that was always posited on inauthenticity of the outer and the authority of the inner. From here, we are made to understand that the battle to get the "real" history right that will end all debates is important for the future of Japan and its role in the world. Like everything else in the book, the recession of the 1990s provided the opportunity, or the urgency, to re-evaluate the national narrative, or to produce one to explain the failure of the fairy tale of unending economic prosperity due to the supposed unique characteristics of Japan. The battle for the story of Japan and the Second World War, as shown by J. Victor Koshmann in his essay "National Subjectivity and the Uses of Atonement in the Age of Recession," has obvious implications in the ability of Japan to participate in international "peace keeping missions." As the struggle to reinterpret or even scrap Article 9 of their constitution, a provision which prohibits Japan from sending armed combatants abroad, is very interesting because today, with the Iraq war, which is no longer part of the coverage of the paper, the USA, which imposed Article 9 on Japan, is fighting to get it to scrap the prohibition, precisely to be of better use to its imperial designs. In the Koshmann article, a scholar is cited as voicing the need to take out Article 9 in order to begin Japan's journey to becoming an "ordinary" nation. But then to be one of the most powerful economies in the world while under a headlock by the USA provides for a volatile and difficult mix, which guarantees that nothing in the foreseeable future will make Japan ordinary. It is in the maternalization of Japanese society, in the article "The Rise and Fall of Maternal Society: Gender, Labor, and Capital in Contemporary Japan" by Tomiko Yoda, where we are given a glimpse of an important facet that contributed greatly to Japan's post-war economic expansion. The author argues that the rapid industrialization of Japan needed ideological support for the gendered division of labour. I argue that the maternal rather than the paternal metaphor of power and order obtained widespread resonance during this period due to its compatibility with the regime of social management that evolved in the enterprise society. At the end of the essay I return to Japan today and analyze recent historical developments, including the vogue of paternalism, as symptoms not of maternal excesses but as signs that the ideological currency of maternal society is in the process of decline. The arguments so far may seem ordinary, and certainly this argument cannot be confined only to Japan. The essay contains various studies and commentaries from different writers and social scientists so that we get a clear picture of a society off its moorings. When the veil of maternalism is lifted, we see "the extent to which it (society) has already been saturated by the logic of capital and how badly the ability to question the status quo or sustain pockets of alternative imagination and creativity has withered during the period of mass denial." The important thing to 664 Book Reviews note, according to the article, is not that maternalism was used to justify the gendered division of labour, but that cracks in this national myth, with no substitute in sight, are showing us that there is nothing now except accumulation and consumption. And nowhere is the dominance of accumulation and consumption more evident than in the popularity of Pokémon and anime characters. It is in the game industry that Japan has continued to assert its economic dominance. Anne Allison's "NewAge Fetishes, Monsters, and Friends: Pokémon Capitalism at the Millennium," easily one of the strongest essays in the collection, is worth quoting at length: Pokémon is a world of both things and relations. In this media-tnix complex - of electronic game, televisual cartoon (anime), comic books (manga), trading cards, movies, and character goods - the basic concept is of an imaginary universe inhabited by wild monsters that children first capture and then retain in balls they keep in their pockets. Whether a child is playing the game or following the story through manga, anime, or movie, the structure of an encounter with wild and fantastic creatures is replayed through the ritual of "pocketing the other ... Capitalism is both mimicked and (re)constructed in the forms of play/ consumption engaged by Pokémon ... A bright light in these gloomy times of recessionary economics, the Japanese play business generates national pride. It also offers something to consumers that, in what is a trope for millennial fantasies, feels soothing and supposedly healing to the psyche - commodified intimacies. What is striking about this article is not that children are encouraged to keep consuming, as Coca-cola has been doing that for ages, but that the children of Japan, and perhaps most children living in countries attached to global capitalism, are living lonely and isolated lives that offer them nothing except anime characters that have become their intimate companions all throughout in their formative years. Thus, the inability to explain the Second World War and the disintegration of the maternal myth, logically lead to these children devoid of human contact, and whose only desire in life is to consume and live in their small capsule. Overall the impression the book leaves us is a Japan largely still awash with cash, but with no other direction than to run on the global treadmill of capital. In spite of the wealth and technological innovations, capitalism is still just about accumulation. It has nothing more to offer. In this age of triumphant capitalism, we dare say, it does not work. R. Kwan Laurel ©2008 Department of English & Comparative Literature. University of the Philippines. Diliman

Hudelson, R. "Harootunian, Harry D.: Marx after Marx: history and time in the expansion of capitalism." CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, Apr. 2016, p. 1200. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do? p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA449661681&it=r. Accessed 14 Mar. 2017.

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