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Cruz, Manuel

WORK TITLE: On the Difficulty of Living Together
WORK NOTES: trans by Richard Jacques
PSEUDONYM(S):
BIRTHDATE: 1951
WEBSITE:
CITY:
STATE:
COUNTRY:
NATIONALITY: Spanish

https://cup.columbia.edu/book/on-the-difficulty-of-living-together/9780231164009 * https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/479930 * https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Cruz * http://www.ub.edu/catedrafilosofiacontemporanea/es/curriculum/manuelcruz

RESEARCHER NOTES:

Title: Prof.

Email: cup_publicity@columbia.edu

LC control no.: n 82122428
LCCN Permalink: https://lccn.loc.gov/n82122428
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370 __ |a Barcelona (Spain) |2 naf
372 __ |a Philosophy |2 lcsh
373 __ |a Universidad de Barcelona |2 naf
374 __ |a College teachers |2 lcsh
375 __ |a male
377 __ |a spa
378 __ |q Cruz Rodríguez
400 1_ |a Cruz Rodríguez, Manuel, |d 1951-
400 1_ |a Rodríguez, Manuel Cruz, |d 1951-
670 __ |a His La crisis del stalinismo, 1977.
670 __ |a En torno a Hannah Arendt, 1994: |b t.p. (Manuel Cruz) p. 250 (Manuel Cruz; b. 1951 in Barcelona [Spain]; catedrático de filosofía, Universidad de Barcelona)
952 __ |a RETRO
953 __ |a xx00

PERSONAL

Born 1951.

ADDRESS

  • Office - Facultat de Filosofia, University of Barcelona, Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.

CAREER

University of Barcelona, Spain, professor.

AWARDS:

Anagrama prize, 205, for Las malas pasades del pasado.

WRITINGS

  • La crisis del stalinismo : el caso Althusser, Ediciones Peninsula (Barcelona, Spain), 1977
  • El historicismo : ciencia social y filosofía, Montesinos (Barcelona, Spain), 1981
  • Narratividad : la nueva síntesis , Ediciones Peninsula (Barcelona, Spain), 1986
  • Del pensar y sus objetos : sobre filosofía y filosofía contemporánea, Tecnos (Madrid, Spain), 1988
  • Por un naturalismo dialéctico, Anthropos (Barcelona, Spain), 1989
  • A quién pertenece lo ocurrido? : acerca del sentido de la acción humana , Taurus (Madrid, Spain), 1995
  • Hacerse cargo : sobre responsabilidad e identidad personal, Paidós (Barcelona, Spain), 1999
  • Cuando la realidad rompe a hablar : conjeturas y cavilaciones de un filósofo, Gedisa Editorial (Barcelona, Spain), 2001
  • Filosofía contemporánea, Taurus (Madrid, Spain), 2002
  • La tarea de pensar , Tusquets Editores (Barcelona, Spain), 2004
  • Las malas pasadas del pasado : identidad, responsabilidad, historia Barcelona, Editorial Anagrama (Barcelona, Spain), 2005
  • Amo, luego existo : los filósofos y el amor , Pozuelo de Alarcón (Espasa, Spain), 2010
  • (translated by Richard Jacques) Taking Charge: On Responsibility and Personal Identity, Continuum International (New Hork, NY), 2011
  • Adiós, historia, adiós : el abandono del pasado en el mundo actual, Ediciones Nobel (Oviedo, Spain), 2012
  • Una comunidad ensimismada : diez años de escritos sobre Cataluña , Los Libros de la Catarata (Madrid, Spain), 2014
  • Democracia movilizativa : acerca de Cataluña como laboratorio político : una conversación con Salvador López Arnal , Los Libros de la Catarata (Madrid, Spain), 2015
  • (translated by Richard Jacques) On the Difficulty of Living Together: Memory, Politics, and History, Columbia University Press (New York, NY), 2016
  • Ser sin tiempo : el ocaso de la temporalidad en el mundo contemporáneo, Herder Editorial (Barcelona, Spain), 2016
  • Travesía de la nada : reflexiones sobre el argumentario independentista, El Viejo Topo (Barcelona, Spain), 2016
  • El ojo de halcón : cuando la filosofía habita en los detalles , Arpa Editores (Barcelona, Spain), 2017

SIDELIGHTS

 

Manuel Cruz is a professor of contemporary philosophy at the University of Barcelona. He has also taught as a visiting professor at numerous universities in Italy and Latin America. 

Taking Charge

Taking Charge: On Responsibility and Personal Identity, the first of Cruz’s books to appear in English, attempts to articulate a political philosophy that unites politics and ethics. Noting that identity politics and theories of difference have become pervasive in western societies, Cruz shows that such discourses are imperialistic and paternalistic. Rejecting these approaches, the author argues instead for a radical philosophy centered on equality.

Philosophers welcomed Taking Charge as an important work that draws on diverse traditions in philosophy. In comments posted on the publisher’s Web site, Michael Marder, a faculty member at Duquesne University, deemed the book among the “most powerful and original articulations of political philosophy . . . [to appear] in recent years.”

On the Difficulty of Living Together

In On the Difficulty of Living Together: Memory, Politics, and History Cruz examines the forms, uses, and meanings of memory and forgetting. Organizing his study according to five basic modes of memory, Cruz argues that remembering can have both positive and negative effects, and that memory can be affected by external influences. 

The author discusses remembering as an inherently valuable behavior; as a way to make sense of present realities; as a means of working toward social justice and retribution; as a component of mourning; and as a means of reaching a state of renunciation or revelation. Arguing against the view that remembering is a necessary step in learning to avoid past mistakes, Cruz writes that the act of remembering is rife with contradiction and does not necessarily lead toward expected results. The author shows how memory and history intertwine, and how memory-making contributes to and is influenced by community identity and dynamics.

 

BIOCRIT

PERIODICALS

  • Publishers Weekly July 9, 2007, review of Dark Possession: A Carpathian Novel. p. 37.

  • New Internationalist Jan.-Feb., 2002. Fisher, George. , “Born in blood and fire: A concise history of Latin America. (Mixed Media).”. p. 47.

  • Americas Jan.-Feb., 1996. Mujica, Barbara. , “The Answer.”. p. 62+.

ONLINE

  • Bloomsbury Publishing Web Site, https://www.bloomsbury.com/ (September 6, 2017), Cruz profile and synposis of Taking Charge: On Responsibility and Personal Identity.

  • Columbia University Press Web Site, https://cup.columbia.edu/ (September 6, 2017), Cruz profile and synopsis of On the Difficulty of Living Together:Memory, Politics, and History.

  • La crisis del stalinismo : el caso Althusser Ediciones Peninsula (Barcelona, Spain), 1977
  • El historicismo : ciencia social y filosofía Montesinos (Barcelona, Spain), 1981
  • Narratividad : la nueva síntesis Ediciones Peninsula (Barcelona, Spain), 1986
  • Del pensar y sus objetos : sobre filosofía y filosofía contemporánea Tecnos (Madrid, Spain), 1988
  • Por un naturalismo dialéctico Anthropos (Barcelona, Spain), 1989
  • A quién pertenece lo ocurrido? : acerca del sentido de la acción humana Taurus (Madrid, Spain), 1995
  • Hacerse cargo : sobre responsabilidad e identidad personal Paidós (Barcelona, Spain), 1999
  • Cuando la realidad rompe a hablar : conjeturas y cavilaciones de un filósofo Gedisa Editorial (Barcelona, Spain), 2001
  • Filosofía contemporánea Taurus (Madrid, Spain), 2002
  • La tarea de pensar Tusquets Editores (Barcelona, Spain), 2004
  • Las malas pasadas del pasado : identidad, responsabilidad, historia Barcelona Editorial Anagrama (Barcelona, Spain), 2005
  • Amo, luego existo : los filósofos y el amor Pozuelo de Alarcón (Espasa, Spain), 2010
  • Taking Charge: On Responsibility and Personal Identity Continuum International (New Hork, NY), 2011
  • Adiós, historia, adiós : el abandono del pasado en el mundo actual Ediciones Nobel (Oviedo, Spain), 2012
  • Una comunidad ensimismada : diez años de escritos sobre Cataluña Los Libros de la Catarata (Madrid, Spain), 2014
  • Democracia movilizativa : acerca de Cataluña como laboratorio político : una conversación con Salvador López Arnal Los Libros de la Catarata (Madrid, Spain), 2015
  • On the Difficulty of Living Together: Memory, Politics, and History Columbia University Press (New York, NY), 2016
  • Ser sin tiempo : el ocaso de la temporalidad en el mundo contemporáneo Herder Editorial (Barcelona, Spain), 2016
  • Travesía de la nada : reflexiones sobre el argumentario independentista El Viejo Topo (Barcelona, Spain), 2016
  • El ojo de halcón : cuando la filosofía habita en los detalles Arpa Editores (Barcelona, Spain), 2017
1. El ojo de halcón : cuando la filosofía habita en los detalles LCCN 2017422877 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title El ojo de halcón : cuando la filosofía habita en los detalles / Manuel Cruz. Edition Primera edición. Published/Produced Barcelona : Arpa Editores, 2017. Description 234 pages ; 22 cm. ISBN 9788416601325 CALL NUMBER B92 .C79 2017 Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms 2. Travesía de la nada : reflexiones sobre el argumentario independentista LCCN 2016444204 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Travesía de la nada : reflexiones sobre el argumentario independentista / Manuel Cruz. Published/Produced Vilassar de Dalt, Barcelona : El Viejo Topo, [2016] Description 136 pages ; 22 cm ISBN 9788416288731 CALL NUMBER DP302.C68 C78 2016 Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms 3. Ser sin tiempo : el ocaso de la temporalidad en el mundo contemporáneo LCCN 2016502749 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Ser sin tiempo : el ocaso de la temporalidad en el mundo contemporáneo / Manuel Cruz. Published/Produced Barcelona : Herder Editorial, c2016. Description 130 pages ; 20 cm. ISBN 9788425438615 CALL NUMBER Not available Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms 4. On the difficulty of living together : memory, politics, and history LCCN 2015039842 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- author. Uniform title Acerca de la dificultad de vivir juntos. English Main title On the difficulty of living together : memory, politics, and history / Manuel Cruz ; Translated by Richard Jacques. Published/Produced New York : Columbia University Press, [2016] Description xii, 156 pages ; 22 cm. ISBN 9780231164009 (cloth : alk. paper) CALL NUMBER BD181.7 .C77713 2016 CABIN BRANCH Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms - STORED OFFSITE 5. Democracia movilizativa : acerca de Cataluña como laboratorio político : una conversación con Salvador López Arnal LCCN 2015447385 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- interviewee. Main title Democracia movilizativa : acerca de Cataluña como laboratorio político : una conversación con Salvador López Arnal / Manuel Cruz. Published/Produced Madrid : Catarata, [2015] Description 222 pages ; 21 cm ISBN 9788483199862 CALL NUMBER MLCS 2017/43088 (J) CABIN BRANCH Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms - STORED OFFSITE 6. Una comunidad ensimismada : diez años de escritos sobre Cataluña LCCN 2014383367 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Uniform title Articles. Selections Main title Una comunidad ensimismada : diez años de escritos sobre Cataluña / Manuel Cruz ; prólogo de Fernando Vallespín. Published/Produced Madrid : Los Libros de la Catarata, [2014] Description 174 pages ; 21 cm. ISBN 9788483198834 Shelf Location FLS2015 026143 CALL NUMBER DP302.C68 C88 2014 OVERFLOWJ34 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms (FLS2) 7. Adiós, historia, adiós : el abandono del pasado en el mundo actual LCCN 2013369705 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Adiós, historia, adiós : el abandono del pasado en el mundo actual / Manuel Cruz. Published/Produced Oviedo : Ediciones Nobel, [2012] Description 252 pages ; 22 cm ISBN 9788484596721 CALL NUMBER D16.8 .C754 2012 Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms 8. Taking charge : on responsibility and personal identity LCCN 2011005239 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Uniform title Hacerse cargo. English Main title Taking charge : on responsibility and personal identity / Manuel Cruz ; translated by Richard Jacques. Published/Created New York : Continuum International Pub., c2011. Description xv, 123 p. ; 24 cm. ISBN 9781441147752 (hardback : alk. paper) 1441147756 (hardback : alk. paper) 9781441147394 (pbk. : alk. paper) 144114739X (pbk. : alk. paper) CALL NUMBER JA79 .C78913 2011 Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms CALL NUMBER JA79 .C78913 2011 FT MEADE Copy 2 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms - STORED OFFSITE 9. Amo, luego existo : los filósofos y el amor LCCN 2010553715 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Amo, luego existo : los filósofos y el amor / Manuel Cruz. Published/Created Pozuelo de Alarcón : Espasa, 2010. Description 250 p. ; 23 cm. ISBN 9788467034349 Links Contributor biographical information http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1111/2010553715-b.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1111/2010553715-d.html Shelf Location FLM2014 098210 CALL NUMBER BD436 .C75 2010 OVERFLOWA5S Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms (FLM1) 10. Las malas pasadas del pasado : identidad, responsabilidad, historia LCCN 2006397851 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Las malas pasadas del pasado : identidad, responsabilidad, historia / Manuel Cruz. Published/Created Barcelona : Editorial Anagrama, c2005. Description 222 p. ; 22 cm. ISBN 843396223X Shelf Location FLS2014 064401 CALL NUMBER BD181.7 .C78 2005 OVERFLOWA5S Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms (FLS1) 11. La tarea de pensar LCCN 2004404732 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title La tarea de pensar / Manuel Cruz. Edition 1. ed. Published/Created Barcelona : Tusquets Editores, 2004. Description 219 p. ; 22 cm. ISBN 8483109395 CALL NUMBER MLCS 2007/43595 LANDOVR Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms - STORED OFFSITE 12. Filosofía contemporánea LCCN 2003429187 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Filosofía contemporánea / Manuel Cruz. Published/Created [Madrid] : Taurus, c2002. Description 429 p. ; 24 cm. ISBN 8430604596 CALL NUMBER MLCM 2006/03380 FT MEADE Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms - STORED OFFSITE 13. Cuando la realidad rompe a hablar : conjeturas y cavilaciones de un filósofo LCCN 2002315087 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Cuando la realidad rompe a hablar : conjeturas y cavilaciones de un filósofo / Manuel Cruz. Edition 1. ed. Published/Created Barcelona : Gedisa Editorial, 2001. Description 237 p. ; 24 cm. ISBN 8474329000 CALL NUMBER MLCM 2002/03496 (B) FT MEADE Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms - STORED OFFSITE 14. Hacerse cargo : sobre responsabilidad e identidad personal LCCN 99516274 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Hacerse cargo : sobre responsabilidad e identidad personal / Manuel Cruz. Published/Created Barcelona : Paidós, 1999. Description 140 p. ; 21 cm. ISBN 8449307120 CALL NUMBER MLCS 2006/06025 (B) FT MEADE Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms - STORED OFFSITE 15. A quién pertenece lo ocurrido? : acerca del sentido de la acción humana LCCN 96144788 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title A quién pertenece lo ocurrido? : acerca del sentido de la acción humana / Manuel Cruz. Edition 1. ed. Published/Created Madrid : Taurus, c1995. Description 311 p. ; 22 cm. ISBN 8430600612 CALL NUMBER B105.A35 C78 1995 Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms 16. Por un naturalismo dialéctico LCCN 89182364 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Por un naturalismo dialéctico / Manuel Cruz. Edition 1. ed. Published/Created Barcelona : Anthropos, 1989. Description 253 p. ; 20 cm. ISBN 8476581327 Shelf Location FLS2015 128980 CALL NUMBER B828.2 .C78 1989 OVERFLOWJ34 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms (FLS2) 17. Del pensar y sus objetos : sobre filosofía y filosofía contemporánea LCCN 88159909 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Del pensar y sus objetos : sobre filosofía y filosofía contemporánea / Manuel Cruz. Published/Created Madrid : Tecnos, c1988. Description 112 p. ; 18 cm. ISBN 8430915230 CALL NUMBER B92 .C77 1988 Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms 18. Narratividad : la nueva síntesis LCCN 87105281 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title Narratividad : la nueva síntesis / Manuel Cruz Rodríguez. Edition 1a ed. en "Nexos.". Published/Created [Barcelona] : Ediciones Península, 1986. Description 187 p. ; 18 cm. ISBN 8429725075 CALL NUMBER B92 .C78 1986 Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms 19. El historicismo : ciencia social y filosofía LCCN 82116520 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title El historicismo : ciencia social y filosofía / Manuel Cruz. Published/Created Barcelona : Montesinos, [1981?] Description 113 p. : ill. ; 18 cm. ISBN 8485859278 CALL NUMBER D16.9 .C79 1981 Copy 1 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms 20. La crisis del stalinismo : el caso Althusser LCCN 78354719 Type of material Book Personal name Cruz, Manuel, 1951- Main title La crisis del stalinismo : el caso Althusser / Manuel Cruz. Edition 1. ed. Published/Created Barcelona : Ediciones Península, 1977. Description 316 p. ; 20 cm. ISBN 8429713166 Shelf Location FLS2015 134926 CALL NUMBER B2430.A474 C78 OVERFLOWJ34 Request in Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms (FLS2)
  • https://cup.columbia.edu/book/on-the-difficulty-of-living-together/9780231164009 - Colombia University Press

    ABOUT THE AUTHOR
    Manuel Cruz is professor of contemporary philosophy at the University of Barcelona and author of more than twenty titles, including Taking Charge: On Responsibility and Personal Identity (2011).

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Print Marked Items
Dark Possession: A Carpathian Novel
Publishers Weekly.
254.27 (July 9, 2007): p37.
COPYRIGHT 2007 PWxyz, LLC
http://www.publishersweekly.com/
Full Text: 
Dark Possession: A Carpathian Novel CHRISTINE FEEHAN. Berkley, $24.95 (384p) ISBN 978-0-425-21709-2
Bestseller Feehan's steamy and dreamy 18th Carpathian novel (after 2006's Dark Celebration) explores the erotic allure
of ancient shape-shifters, Brazilian rain forests and vampires. Manuel "Manolito" De La Cruz, one of those dark,
irresistible Carpathian hunks who can only thrive with one woman by his side, has found his life mate in MaryAnn
Delaney, a Seattle counselor for battered women who flies to his Brazilian family compound to help a pregnant rape
victim. It takes a while for MaryAnn to accept Manolito's love, as Feehan, with her usual expertise, draws out the
foreplay between the two. Feverish jungle encounters with Jaguar-men and MaryAnn's shocking discovery of her inner
werewolf add spice, while growing tensions in the Carpathian World create other problems. Feehan's combo platter of
danger, fantasy and wild, uninhibited romance continues to sizzle. (Aug.)
Source Citation   (MLA 8th
Edition)
"Dark Possession: A Carpathian Novel." Publishers Weekly, 9 July 2007, p. 37. General OneFile,
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p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA166480534&it=r&asid=3438f1d74471c9e8ddbd5243f7c0a856.
Accessed 5 Sept. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A166480534

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Born in blood and fire: A concise history of Latin
America. (Mixed Media)
George Fisher
New Internationalist.
(January-February 2002): p47.
COPYRIGHT 2002 New Internationalist
http://www.newint.org
Full Text: 
John Chasteen
(W W Norton, ISBN 0393976130)
Latin American histories have tended to treat the region as if it were moored off the Spanish or Portuguese coast. Born
in Blood and Fire is a welcome change, looking beyond the obvious to explain the political, social and economic trends
that have helped shape Latin America and endow its nations so richly.
Chasteen deals efficiently with class systems and complex racial diversity. He does not condescend when discussing
regional struggles that have ebbed and flowed since the days when some Mayan cities were superstates and others
formed NATO-like alliances to fend off rivals. Nor does he take the high ground when dealing with the errors of the
post- and neo-colonial periods, nor with continuing social injustices.
The book is refreshing for the way it handles the search for new national identities, as well as the often-devious ways
the US has treated its southern neighbours. It is also insightful in showing how the European ideas of liberalism and
nationalism helped the indigenous peoples' long struggle for political and, more recently, economic independence.
This is history made accessible through the lives of ordinary women and men: not only Simon Bolivar, who spread a
revolutionary gospel of independence, Che Guevara and Canek, a Yucatec Maya who led a short but important revolt
against Spanish rule in Mexico in 1761; but also Cortes, Malinche, Sister Juana Ines de Ia Cruz, and Manuel Hidalgo.
This impressive book has much else to offer, including the role of popular music in raising political consciousness.
RATING ****
www.wwnorton.com
STAR RATING
EXCELLENT *****
VERY GOOD ****
GOOD ***
FAIR **
POOR *
Fisher, George
Source Citation   (MLA 8th
Edition)
Fisher, George. "Born in blood and fire: A concise history of Latin America. (Mixed Media)." New Internationalist,
Jan.-Feb. 2002, p. 47. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?
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The Answer
Barbara Mujica
Americas.
48.1 (January-February 1996): p62.
COPYRIGHT 1996 Organization of American States
Full Text: 
A canonical work is forever fresh and new, offering each succeeding generation insights germane to its concerns. Sor
Juana's Answer to the Most Illustrious Sister Filotea de la Cruz was a powerful feminist statement when it was written
three hundred years ago, and it speaks eloquently to today's readers as well. Although the Mexican nun's works have
been translated into English many times over the centuries, Electa Arenal and Amanda Powell have given The Answer
a distinctly feminist reading, focusing, as Sor Juana did in the original, on issues of gender. Through their introduction,
notes, and carefully worded translation, they convey the complexity of Sor Juana's thought as well as her immense
frustration.
A prodigiously talented adolescent in an age in which intellectual women were considered fascinating aberrations, Sor
Juana taught herself rhetoric, theology, literature, and science, and astounded the court with her knowledge. In 1668
she entered a convent in order to devote herself to intellectual pursuits, according to Arenal and Powell, although other
scholars have advanced different theories. The cloister afforded her with the opportunity to continue studying and
writing on secular as well as religious subjects, and the recognition she achieved from the ruling elite including from
the new viceroy and his wife - soon provoked the wrath of the ecclesiastical authorities. Father Antonio Nunez de
Miranda was so contemptuous that Sor Juana relieved him of his duties as her confessor.
Colonial convents were often thriving social and artistic centers. Living in a posh cell and attended by several servants
and a slave, Sor Juana continued to cultivate her interests - poetry, music, science, theology - and to entertain
influential guests. Her celebrity grew in educated circles, not only in Mexico, but also in Spain. However, churchmen
such as Nunez were unrelenting in their criticism, for Sor Juana not only wrote "unchaste" love poems, but also
meddled in theology - an unseemly activity for a woman.
In a conversation at the convent, Sor Juana became engaged in a complex theological discussion, which was witnessed
by her longtime friend, Bishop Manuel Fernandez de Santa Cruz, who requested that she commit her thoughts to
writing. Sor Juana believed that the text would be seen only by him, but he treacherously delivered it to the press,
appending a letter signed "Sor Filotea" as a preface. This purportedly friendly letter, with its pretense of pious concern,
was a public attack on Sot Juana with a veiled threat of persecution. The viceroy and vicereine had already returned to
Spain, and without their protection, Sor Juana was in a particularly vulnerable position. The Answer is Sot Juana's
response to the bishop, written in her own defense.
In this remarkable document, Sor Juana displays her incredible linguistic skill and mental agility. In the baroque
tradition, she cultivates a multiplicity of voices and meanings. Her knowledge of rhetorical conventions and the
elements of hagiography, her use of empirical observation and deduction, and her command of sermonic and epistolary
forms make The Answer one of the richest works of prose of the Golden Age.
But while Arenal and Powell do a superb job of rendering The Answer into English, Sor Juana's stylistic brilliance is
not the point of their translation. The Mexican nun offered, as no other writer of her time could have, a distinctly
woman-centered vision. Finding no female intellectual peers in her own world, she defends her right to the scholarly
life by producing numerous examples of learned women from the past, thereby showing that active intelligence in
females is the rule, rather than the exception. She reexamines Saint Paul's admonition that women should remain silent
in church, arguing that it was meant to apply not only to women, but to all those who are incompetent. Feigning
humility, Sor Juana unmasks the semantics of repression. By playfully referring to the scientific knowledge she gleans
from cooking, she creates a space - the kitchen, the nursery - where women can teach each other and exercise their
talents. By so doing, she defends the notion that intellectual activity is the rightful domain of either gender.
Furthermore, she demonstrates that prohibitions on women's talking and teaching are based on misinterpretations of
doctrine.
Like today's feminists, Sor Juana called for a change in outlook. She disparaged her superiors' views on the proper role
of women as myopic and erroneous, and she exposed the gender-repressive elements embedded in language and
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ideology. Arenal and Powell judiciously caution against applying today's feminist agenda to Sor Juana, for her world
was dramatically different from ours. At the same time, they show that her impassioned defense of women's right to
the pursuit of wisdom set a precedent for modern feminism. Three centuries after it was written, The Answer still stuns
us with its beauty, its genius, and its relevance.
Source Citation   (MLA 8th
Edition)
Mujica, Barbara. "The Answer." Americas, Jan.-Feb. 1996, p. 62+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?
p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA17943059&it=r&asid=90e581d56e0aa8f8857dc54955dbeae4.
Accessed 5 Sept. 2017.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A17943059

"Dark Possession: A Carpathian Novel." Publishers Weekly, 9 July 2007, p. 37. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA166480534&it=r. Accessed 5 Sept. 2017. Fisher, George. "Born in blood and fire: A concise history of Latin America. (Mixed Media)." New Internationalist, Jan.-Feb. 2002, p. 47. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do? p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA82802586&it=r. Accessed 5 Sept. 2017. Mujica, Barbara. "The Answer." Americas, Jan.-Feb. 1996, p. 62+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOF&sw=w&u=schlager&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA17943059&it=r. Accessed 5 Sept. 2017.